První xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx
xx xxx 26. xxxxxxxx 1979,
xxxxxx se xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx k xxxxxx xxxxxxxx
(79/796/XXX)
XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX,
x xxxxxxx xx Xxxxxxx o xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx,
x xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx Xxxx 73/437/XXX xx xxx 11. prosince 1973 o xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx se xxxxxxxxx cukrů určených x lidské xxxxxxxx [1], x xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx 11 xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx,
xxxxxxxx x xxxx, že xxxxxx 11 uvedené směrnice xxxxxxx, xx složení xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxx;
xxxxxxxx x xxxx, xx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx řadu xxxxx, jejichž xxxxxxx xxx xxxx ukončeno;
vzhledem x xxxx, xx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 73/437/XXX xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx pro xxxxxxxxx xxxxx u xxxxx xxxx bílého cukru x cukru xxxxx xxxxxx, metoda xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx konduktometricky x xxxxx xxxxx bílého, xxxxxxxx cukru, tekutého xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx x invertního xxxxx x metoda xxxxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxx;
xxxxxxxx x xxxx, xx xx na xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx možnost xxxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx Xxxxx x Eynona (metody 7 a 8 x příloze XX x. XXX.3 x XXX.4) místo metody xxxxx Xxxxx x Xxxxxxxx (xxxxxx 6 x xxxxxxx XX x. XXX.3 x XXX.4);
xxxxxxxx x xxxx, xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx v této xxxxxxxx jsou v xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx,
XXXXXXX TUTO SMĚRNICI:
Xxxxxx 1
1. Xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx, že xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx k xxxxxxx kritérií xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx X xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx II xxxx xxxxxxxx.
2. Xxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, použije xx xxxxxx podle Xxxxx x Xxxxxxxx (xxxxxxx XX, xxxxxx 6) xx xxxxxxxxx redukujících xxxxx obsažených
- v xxxxxxx xxxxx,
- v xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx,
- x tekutém invertním xxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
- xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx,
- v xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx sirupu,
- x xxxxxxxx monohydrátu,
- x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx uvedených x předchozím xxxxxxx xxxxxx podle Lanea x Eynona (xxxxxxx XX, xxxxxx 7 xxxx 8).
3. Pokud xxxxxxx stát xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx x odst. 2 xxxxxx pododstavci, xxxxxxxxxx x tom uvědomí Xxxxxx x ostatní xxxxxxx xxxxx.
Článek 2
Členské xxxxx xxxxxx x účinnost xxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx pro xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxx směrnicí do 18 měsíců xx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxx o nich xxxxxxx Komisi.
Článek 3
Xxxx xxxxxxxx xx určena xxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
V Bruselu xxx 26. xxxxxxxx 1979.
Xx Xxxxxx
Xxxxxxx Davignon
člen Komise
[1] Xx. xxxx. X 356, 27.12.1973, x. 71.
XXXXXXX X
XXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX SPOLEČENSTVÍ XXX XXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX X XXXXXX XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXX II
ANALYTICKÉ XXXXXX X OVĚŘENÍ XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXX URČENÝCH X LIDSKÉ XXXXXXXX
XXXX
1. Xxxxxxxx vzorků k xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx doručený do xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxxxxx xx xx vzorku oddělí xxxxxxxx nejméně 200 x x okamžitě xxxxxxx xx xxxxx, xxxxx, xxxxxxxxx nádobky xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
2. Xxxxxxx činidla, xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx
Xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx a xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx odkazy xxxxx x případě xxxxxxxxxxx zařízení x xxxxxxxxx, xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx požadavkům.
Pokud xx xxxxxxxxx xxxx, xxxxxx se xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxx demineralizovaná xxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx.
Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx dalšího xxxxxxxxx, xxxxx xx x xxxxx roztok.
3. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
X úředním xxxxxxxxx o xxxxxxx xx uvede xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx jako xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx dvou xxxxxxxxx s xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx, xxxx výsledky xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx původního xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx, xxx xxx do laboratoře xxxxxxx.
Xxxxx platných číslic x takto xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
XXXXXX 1
STANOVENÍ XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX
1. Xxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
- x cukru xxxxxxxxx,
- v xxxxx xxxx v xxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxx xxxxx bílém.
2. Xxxxxxxx
"Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx": xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx sušením xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx metodou.
3. Xxxxxxxx metody
Ztráta xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx se xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx 103 ± 2 °X.
4. Přístroje x xxxxxxx
4.1 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx s xxxxxxxxx 0,1 xx.
4.2 Sušárna x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx, xxxxxx termostatem, umožňující xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx 103 ± 2 °X.
4.3 Xxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx dnem, xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx x testovacím xxxxxxxxx, x průměrem nejméně 100 mm x x xxxxxxxx nejméně 30 xx.
4.4 Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx aktivovaným xxxxxxxxxxx nebo s xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
5. Xxxxxx
Xxxxxxxx:
Xxxxxxx popsané x xxxxxx 5.3 xx 5.7 musí xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx se xxxxxxx.
5.1 Miska (4.3) xx xxxxxx do xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx v xxxxxxx (4.2) xxx xxxxxxx 103 ± 2 °X.
5.2 Xxxxx xx nechá x xxxxxxxxxx (4.4) xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx 30 xx 35 xxxxx x xxxx xx xxxxx s xxxxxxxxx na 0,1 xx.
5.3 Xx misky xx naváží přibližně 20 xx 30 x vzorku x xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 xx.
5.4 Miska se xxxxx xx sušárny (4.2) x xxxxxxx 103 ± 2 °X, xxx xx xxxxxxx 3 xxxxxx.
5.5 Xxxxx se nechá xxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx (4.4) x zváží xx x xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 xx.
5.6 Xxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxx na 30 xxxxx xx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx 103 ± 2 °X.
Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx (4.4) x xxxxx se x xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 xx. Xxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx než 1 xx, xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx. Dojde-li xx zvýšení xxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxx xx x xxxxxxx nejnižší xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
5.7 Xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxx.
6. Xxxxxxxxx výsledků
6.1 Xxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx dána xxxxx vzorcem:
kde:
m0 xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (x),
x1 je xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx vysušení (g).
6.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx rychle xx xxxxx x xxxxx vzorku tímtéž xxxxxxxxxxx xx totožných xxxxxxxx xxxxx být xxxxx xxx 0,02 x xx 100 x xxxxxx.
XXXXXX 2
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX
Xxxxxx sušení xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
1. Xxxxxxx x xxxxxx použití
Metoda xxxxxx ke xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx sušiny
- xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx sirupu,
- x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx,
- x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
2. Xxxxxxxx
"Xxxxx xxxxxx": obsah xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx popsanou xxxxxxx.
3. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xxxxxx xx stanoví xxx xxxxxxx 70 ± 1 °X xx xxxxxxx sušárně xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx 3,3 xXx (34 xxxx). Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx škrobového xxxxxx xxxx sušeného xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx se xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx s vodou x x xxxxxxxxxx.
4. Xxxxxxx činidla
4.1 Xxxxxxxxx: xxxxxxxx se x Xüxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx kyselinou xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (1 xx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx 1,19 x/xx xx litr xxxx xxx 20 °X), xxxxx filtrát xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx kyselou xxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xx pak promývá xxxxx xxx dlouho, xxxxx hodnota pH xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx 4; xxx se xxxxxxxxx vysuší x xxxxxxx při 103 ± 2 °X x uloží xx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx nádoby.
5. Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx
5.1 Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx, utěsněná, xxxxxx termostatem, xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx a vakuovým xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxx být xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx, aby xxx zajištěn xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx.
5.2 Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx vzduchu skládající xx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx nebo xxxxxxxxxxx vysoušedlem, s xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxx kolona xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx kyselinu xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x pračkou xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxx xx sušárny.
5.3 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx tlak 3,3 kPa (34 xxxx) xxxx xxxxx.
5.4 Xxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx x podmínkám xxxxxxx x průměrem xxxxxxx 100 mm x x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx 300 xx.
5.5 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx o takové xxxxx, aby xxxxxxx xxxxx zapadnout xx xxxxxxx.
5.6 Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx aktivovaným xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx s xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx vlhkosti.
5.7 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxx vážící x xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 xx.
6. Xxxxxx
6.1 Xx xxxxxxx (5.4) se xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (5.5) xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx 30 g xxxxxxxxx (4.1), xxx xxxxx xx do sušárny (5.1) s teplotou 70 ± 1 °X x tlak xx xxxxx xxxxxxx xx 3,3 kPa (34 xxxx).
Xxxx xx xxx xxxx xxxxxxx 5 xxxxx, xxxxxxx xx xxxx aparaturu xxx vysoušení vzduchu xx xxxxxxx zavádí xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx a xxxxx xxxxxxx xx upraví.
6.2 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx atmosférického xxxxx v xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxx x xx skleněnou tyčinkou xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx (5.6), xxx xx nechá xxxxxxxxxxx, a xxx xx xxxxx.
6.3 Do xxxxxxx x obsahu 100 xx se x xxxxxxxxx xx 1 mg naváží xxxxxxxxx 10 g xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
6.4 Zkušební xxxxxx xx xxxxx 10 ml xxxxx xxxx x xxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (5.5) kvantitativně xxxxxxx do xxxxxxx.
6.5 Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx vloží xx sušárny x xxxx xx sníží xxxxxxx xx 3,3 xXx (34 xxxx). Xxxx xx při 70 ± 1 °X, xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxx procházet xxxxxx xxxxx suchého xxxxxxx.
Xxxxxx xx provádí xx dobu 20 xxxxx; k největšímu xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxx ke xxxxx xxxxxxx xxx. Xx xxxxxxxx udržovat vývěvu x xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx a xxxxxx pomalu xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx suchý xxxxxx tak, xxx xx během xxxx xxxx udržoval xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx 3,3 xXx (34 xxxx) xxxx nižší.
6.6 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx x x xxxxxxx xx okamžitě xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx, xxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, x poté xx xxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xx 1 xx.
6.7 Xxxxxxx (6.5) se xxxxxxx xx xxxxx 4 hodiny. V xxxxxxx se xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxx xx ihned xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx, xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx. Xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx se xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxx 2 mg. V xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx 6.7.
6.8 Xxx xxxxxxxxx sušiny xx vzorcích bezvodé xxxxxxxx xxxx v xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx není xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxx xxxxxxxxx.
7. Vyjádření xxxxxxxx
7.1 Xxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx v xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx se xxxxxxxx podle xxxxxx xxxxxx:
xxx:
x0 = xx xxxxxxxxx hmotnost zkušebního xxxxxx (g),
m1 = xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x křemelinou, skleněnou xxxxxxxx a xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx vzorku po xxxxxx (x),
x2 = xx xxxxxxxx váženky x xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (x).
7.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx provedených xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx sebou x xxxxx vzorku xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx 0,12 x xx 100 x xxxxxx.
XXXXXX 3
STANOVENÍ XXXXXXX XXXXXX
(Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx metoda)
1. Xxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx
- v xxxxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx invertním xxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
- v xxxxxx z xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
- v xxxxxx x bílého xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx.
2. Xxxxxxxx
"Xxxxx sušiny": xxxxx sušiny xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
3. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx zkušebního xxxxxx xxx 20 °X x podle xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxx.
4. Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx
4.1 Xxxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx desetinná xxxxx, vybavený xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx vodním xxxxxxxxx propojeným x xxxxx xxxxx, xxxxx xx udržována xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx 20 ± 0,5 °C.
4.2 Xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx sodíkové výbojky.
5. Xxxxxx
5.1 Xxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxx přítomny xxxxxxxx, rozpustí xx xxxxxxxx vzorku v xxxxxx 1:1 (x/x).
5.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx (4.1) se xxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxx 20 °X.
6. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
6.1 Xxxxx xxxxxx se xxxxxxx x indexů xxxx xxx roztoky xxxxxxxxx xxx 20 °X xxxxx uvedené xxxxxxx a jako xxxxxxx na xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx se x výsledku x xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx 1 % xxxxxxxxxx cukru hodnota 0,022.
6.2 Xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx x poměru 1:1 (x/x), xxxx se xxxxx vypočtené xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx.
6.3 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxx výsledky xxxx xxxxxxxxx provedených xxxxxxx xxxx rychle za xxxxx x xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx pracovníkem xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx větší xxx 0,2 x xxxxxx xx 100 x vzorku.
REFERENČNÍ XXXXXXX
Xxxxxx xxxx (x) xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx 20 °X [1]
|
x (20 °X) |
Xxxxxxxxx (%) |
|
1,3330 |
0,009 |
|
1,3331 |
0,078 |
|
1,3332 |
0,149 |
|
1,3333 |
0,218 |
|
1,3334 |
0,288 |
|
1,3335 |
0,358 |
|
1,3336 |
0,428 |
|
1,3337 |
0,498 |
|
1,3338 |
0,567 |
|
1,3339 |
0,637 |
|
1,3340 |
0,707 |
|
1,3341 |
0,776 |
|
1,3342 |
0,846 |
|
1,3343 |
0,915 |
|
1,3344 |
0,985 |
|
1,3345 |
1,054 |
|
1,3346 |
1,124 |
|
1,3347 |
1,193 |
|
1,3348 |
1,263 |
|
1,3349 |
1,332 |
|
1,3350 |
1,401 |
|
1,3351 |
1,470 |
|
1,3352 |
1,540 |
|
1,3353 |
1,609 |
|
1,3354 |
1,678 |
|
1,3355 |
1,747 |
|
1,3356 |
1,816 |
|
1,3357 |
1,885 |
|
1,3358 |
1,954 |
|
1,3359 |
2,023 |
|
1,3360 |
2,092 |
|
1,3361 |
2,161 |
|
1,3362 |
2,230 |
|
1,3363 |
2,299 |
|
1,3364 |
2,367 |
|
1,3365 |
2,436 |
|
1,3366 |
2,505 |
|
1,3367 |
2,574 |
|
1,3368 |
2,642 |
|
1,3369 |
2,711 |
|
1,3370 |
2,779 |
|
1,3371 |
2,848 |
|
1,3372 |
2,917 |
|
1,3373 |
2,985 |
|
1,3374 |
3,053 |
|
1,3375 |
3,122 |
|
1,3376 |
3,190 |
|
1,3377 |
3,259 |
|
1,3378 |
3,327 |
|
1,3379 |
3,395 |
|
1,3380 |
3,463 |
|
1,3381 |
3,532 |
|
1,3382 |
3,600 |
|
1,3383 |
3,668 |
|
1,3384 |
3,736 |
|
1,3385 |
3,804 |
|
1,3386 |
3,872 |
|
1,3387 |
3,940 |
|
1,3388 |
4,008 |
|
1,3389 |
4,076 |
|
1,3390 |
4,144 |
|
1,3391 |
4,212 |
|
1,3392 |
4,279 |
|
1,3393 |
4,347 |
|
1,3394 |
4,415 |
|
1,3395 |
4,483 |
|
1,3396 |
4,550 |
|
1,3397 |
4,618 |
|
1,3398 |
4,686 |
|
1,3399 |
4,753 |
|
1,3400 |
4,821 |
|
1,3401 |
4,888 |
|
1,3402 |
4,956 |
|
1,3403 |
5,023 |
|
1,3404 |
5,091 |
|
1,3405 |
5,158 |
|
1,3406 |
5,225 |
|
1,3407 |
5,293 |
|
1,3408 |
5,360 |
|
1,3409 |
5,427 |
|
1,3410 |
5,494 |
|
1,3411 |
5,562 |
|
1,3412 |
5,629 |
|
1,3413 |
5,696 |
|
1,3414 |
5,763 |
|
1,3415 |
5,830 |
|
1,3416 |
5,897 |
|
1,3417 |
5,964 |
|
1,3418 |
6,031 |
|
1,3419 |
6,098 |
|
1,3420 |
6,165 |
|
1,3421 |
6,231 |
|
1,3422 |
6,298 |
|
1,3423 |
6,365 |
|
1,3424 |
6,432 |
|
1,3425 |
6,498 |
|
1,3426 |
6,565 |
|
1,3427 |
6,632 |
|
1,3428 |
6,698 |
|
1,3429 |
6,765 |
|
1,3430 |
6,831 |
|
1,3431 |
6,898 |
|
1,3432 |
6,964 |
|
1,3433 |
7,031 |
|
1,3434 |
7,097 |
|
1,3435 |
7,164 |
|
1,3436 |
7,230 |
|
1,3437 |
7,296 |
|
1,3438 |
7,362 |
|
1,3439 |
7,429 |
|
1,3440 |
7,495 |
|
1,3441 |
7,561 |
|
1,3442 |
7,627 |
|
1,3443 |
7,693 |
|
1,3444 |
7,759 |
|
1,3445 |
7,825 |
|
1,3446 |
7,891 |
|
1,3447 |
7,957 |
|
1,3448 |
8,023 |
|
1,3449 |
8,089 |
|
1,3450 |
8,155 |
|
1,3451 |
8,221 |
|
1,3452 |
8,287 |
|
1,3453 |
8,352 |
|
1,3454 |
8,418 |
|
1,3455 |
8,484 |
|
1,3456 |
8,550 |
|
1,3457 |
8,615 |
|
1 3458 |
8,681 |
|
1,3459 |
8,746 |
|
1,3460 |
8,812 |
|
1,3461 |
8,878 |
|
1,3462 |
8,943 |
|
1,3463 |
9,008 |
|
1,3464 |
9,074 |
|
1,3465 |
9,139 |
|
1,3466 |
9,205 |
|
1,3467 |
9,270 |
|
1,3468 |
9,335 |
|
1,3469 |
9,400 |
|
1,3470 |
9,466 |
|
1,3471 |
9,531 |
|
1,3472 |
9,596 |
|
1,3473 |
9,661 |
|
1,3474 |
9,726 |
|
1,3475 |
9,791 |
|
1,3476 |
9,856 |
|
1,3477 |
9,921 |
|
1,3478 |
9,986 |
|
1,3479 |
10,051 |
|
1,3480 |
10,116 |
|
1,3481 |
10,181 |
|
1,3482 |
10,246 |
|
1,3483 |
10,311 |
|
1,3484 |
10,375 |
|
1,3485 |
10,440 |
|
1,3486 |
10,505 |
|
1,3487 |
10,570 |
|
1,3488 |
10,634 |
|
1,3489 |
10,699 |
|
1,3490 |
10,763 |
|
1,3491 |
10,828 |
|
1,3492 |
10,892 |
|
1,3493 |
10,957 |
|
1,3494 |
11,021 |
|
1,3495 |
11,086 |
|
1,3496 |
11,150 |
|
1,3497 |
11,215 |
|
1,3498 |
11,279 |
|
1,3499 |
11,343 |
|
1,3500 |
11,407 |
|
1,3501 |
11,472 |
|
1,3502 |
11,536 |
|
1,3503 |
11,600 |
|
1,3504 |
11,664 |
|
1,3505 |
11,728 |
|
1,3506 |
11,792 |
|
1,3507 |
11,856 |
|
1,3508 |
11,920 |
|
1,3509 |
11,984 |
|
1,3510 |
12,048 |
|
1,3511 |
12,112 |
|
1,3512 |
12,176 |
|
1,3513 |
12,240 |
|
1,3514 |
12,304 |
|
1,3515 |
12,368 |
|
1,3516 |
12,431 |
|
1,3517 |
12,495 |
|
1,3518 |
12,559 |
|
1,3519 |
12,623 |
|
1,3520 |
12,686 |
|
1,3521 |
12,750 |
|
1,3522 |
12,813 |
|
1,3523 |
12,877 |
|
1,3524 |
12,940 |
|
1,3525 |
13,004 |
|
1,3526 |
13,067 |
|
1,3527 |
13,131 |
|
1,3528 |
13,194 |
|
1,3529 |
13,258 |
|
1,3530 |
13,321 |
|
1,3531 |
13,384 |
|
1,3532 |
13,448 |
|
1,3533 |
13,511 |
|
1,3534 |
13,574 |
|
1,3535 |
13,637 |
|
1,3536 |
13,700 |
|
1,3537 |
13,763 |
|
1,3538 |
13,826 |
|
1,3539 |
13,890 |
|
1,3540 |
13,953 |
|
1,3541 |
14,016 |
|
1,3542 |
14,079 |
|
1,3543 |
14,141 |
|
1,3544 |
14,204 |
|
1,3545 |
14,267 |
|
1,3546 |
14,330 |
|
1,3547 |
14,393 |
|
1,3548 |
14,456 |
|
1,3549 |
14,518 |
|
1,3550 |
14,581 |
|
1,3551 |
14,644 |
|
1,3552 |
14,707 |
|
1,3553 |
14,769 |
|
1,3554 |
14,832 |
|
1,3555 |
14,894 |
|
1,3556 |
14,957 |
|
1,3557 |
15,019 |
|
1,3558 |
15,082 |
|
1,3559 |
15,144 |
|
1,3560 |
15,207 |
|
1,3561 |
15,269 |
|
1,3562 |
15,332 |
|
1,3563 |
15,394 |
|
1,3564 |
15,456 |
|
1,3565 |
15,518 |
|
1,3566 |
15,581 |
|
1,3567 |
15,643 |
|
1,3568 |
15,705 |
|
1,3569 |
15,767 |
|
1,3570 |
15,829 |
|
1,3571 |
15,891 |
|
1,3572 |
15,953 |
|
1,3573 |
16,016 |
|
1,3574 |
16,078 |
|
1,3575 |
16,140 |
|
1,3576 |
16,201 |
|
1,3577 |
16,263 |
|
1,3578 |
16,325 |
|
1,3579 |
16,387 |
|
1,3580 |
16,449 |
|
1,3581 |
16,511 |
|
1,3582 |
16,573 |
|
1,3583 |
16,634 |
|
1,3584 |
16,696 |
|
1,3585 |
16,758 |
|
1,3586 |
16,819 |
|
1,3587 |
16,881 |
|
1,3588 |
16,943 |
|
1,3389 |
17,004 |
|
1,3590 |
17,066 |
|
1,3591 |
17,127 |
|
1,3592 |
17,189 |
|
1,3593 |
17,250 |
|
1,3594 |
17,311 |
|
1,3595 |
17,373 |
|
1,3596 |
17,434 |
|
1,3597 |
17,496 |
|
1,3598 |
17,557 |
|
1,3599 |
17,618 |
|
1,3600 |
17,679 |
|
1,3601 |
17,741 |
|
1,3602 |
17,802 |
|
1,3603 |
17,863 |
|
1,3604 |
17,924 |
|
1,3605 |
17,985 |
|
1,3606 |
18,046 |
|
1,3607 |
18,107 |
|
1,3608 |
18,168 |
|
1,3609 |
18,229 |
|
1,3610 |
18,290 |
|
1,3610 |
18,351 |
|
1,3611 |
18,412 |
|
1,3613 |
18,473 |
|
1,3614 |
18,534 |
|
1,3615 |
18,595 |
|
1,3616 |
18,655 |
|
1,3617 |
18,716 |
|
1,3618 |
18,777 |
|
1,3619 |
18,837 |
|
1,3620 |
18,898 |
|
1,3621 |
18,959 |
|
1,3622 |
19,019 |
|
1,3623 |
19,080 |
|
1,3624 |
19,141 |
|
1,3625 |
19,201 |
|
1,3626 |
19,262 |
|
1,3627 |
19,322 |
|
1,3628 |
19,382 |
|
1,3629 |
19,443 |
|
1,3630 |
19,503 |
|
1,3631 |
19,564 |
|
1,3632 |
19,624 |
|
1,3633 |
19,684 |
|
1,3634 |
19,745 |
|
1,3635 |
19,805 |
|
1,3636 |
19,865 |
|
1,3637 |
19,925 |
|
1,3638 |
19,985 |
|
1,3639 |
20,045 |
|
1,3640 |
20,106 |
|
1.3641 |
20,166 |
|
1,3642 |
20,226 |
|
1,3643 |
20,286 |
|
1,3644 |
20,346 |
|
1,3645 |
20,406 |
|
1,3646 |
20,466 |
|
1,3647 |
20,525 |
|
1,3648 |
20,585 |
|
1,3649 |
20,645 |
|
1,3650 |
20,705 |
|
1,3651 |
20,765 |
|
1,3652 |
20,825 |
|
1,3653 |
20,884 |
|
1,3654 |
20,944 |
|
1,3655 |
21,004 |
|
1,3656 |
21,063 |
|
1,3657 |
21,123 |
|
1,3658 |
21,183 |
|
1,3659 |
21,242 |
|
1,3660 |
21,302 |
|
1,3661 |
21,361 |
|
1,3662 |
21,421 |
|
1,3563 |
21,480 |
|
1,3664 |
21,540 |
|
1,3665 |
21,599 |
|
1,3666 |
21,658 |
|
1,3667 |
21,718 |
|
1,3668 |
21,777 |
|
1,3669 |
21,836 |
|
1,3670 |
21,896 |
|
1,3671 |
21,955 |
|
1,3672 |
22,014 |
|
1,1673 |
22,073 |
|
1,3674 |
22,132 |
|
1,3675 |
22,192 |
|
1,3676 |
22,251 |
|
1,1677 |
22,310 |
|
1,3678 |
22,369 |
|
1,3679 |
22,428 |
|
1,3680 |
22,487 |
|
1,3681 |
22,546 |
|
1,3682 |
22,605 |
|
1,3683 |
22,664 |
|
1,3684 |
22,723 |
|
1,3685 |
22,781 |
|
1,3686 |
22,840 |
|
1,3687 |
22,899 |
|
1,3688 |
22,958 |
|
1,3689 |
23,017 |
|
1,3690 |
23,075 |
|
1,3691 |
23,134 |
|
1,3692 |
23,193 |
|
1,3693 |
23,251 |
|
1,3694 |
23,310 |
|
1,3695 |
23,369 |
|
1,3696 |
23,427 |
|
1,3697 |
23,486 |
|
1,3698 |
23,544 |
|
1,3699 |
23,603 |
|
1,3700 |
23,661 |
|
1,3701 |
23,720 |
|
1,3702 |
23,778 |
|
1,3703 |
23,836 |
|
1,3704 |
23,895 |
|
1,3705 |
23,953 |
|
1,3706 |
24,011 |
|
1,3707 |
24,070 |
|
1,3708 |
24,128 |
|
1,3709 |
24,186 |
|
1,3710 |
24,244 |
|
1,3711 |
24,302 |
|
1,3712 |
24,361 |
|
1,3713 |
24,419 |
|
1,3714 |
24,477 |
|
1,3715 |
24,535 |
|
1,3716 |
24,593 |
|
1,3717 |
24,651 |
|
1,3718 |
24,709 |
|
1,3719 |
24,767 |
|
1,3720 |
24,825 |
|
1,3721 |
24,883 |
|
1,3722 |
24,941 |
|
1,3723 |
24,998 |
|
1,3724 |
25,056 |
|
1,3725 |
25,114 |
|
1,3726 |
25,172 |
|
1,3727 |
25,230 |
|
1,3728 |
25287 |
|
1,3729 |
25,345 |
|
1,3730 |
25,403 |
|
1,3731 |
25,460 |
|
1,3732 |
25,518 |
|
1,3733 |
25,576 |
|
1,3734 |
25,633 |
|
1,3735 |
25,691 |
|
1,3736 |
25,748 |
|
1,3737 |
25,806 |
|
1,3738 |
25,863 |
|
1,3739 |
25,921 |
|
1,3740 |
25,978 |
|
1,3741 |
26,035 |
|
1,3742 |
26,093 |
|
1,3743 |
26,150 |
|
1,3744 |
26,207 |
|
1,3745 |
26,265 |
|
1,3746 |
26,322 |
|
1,3747 |
26,379 |
|
1,3748 |
26,436 |
|
1,3749 |
26,493 |
|
1,3750 |
26,551 |
|
1,3751 |
26,608 |
|
1,3752 |
26,665 |
|
1,3753 |
26,722 |
|
1,3754 |
26,779 |
|
1,3755 |
26,836 |
|
1,3756 |
26,893 |
|
1,3757 |
26,950 |
|
1,3758 |
27,007 |
|
1,3759 |
27,064 |
|
1,3760 |
27,121 |
|
1,3761 |
27,178 |
|
1,3762 |
27,234 |
|
1,3763 |
27,291 |
|
1,3764 |
27,348 |
|
1,3765 |
27,405 |
|
1,3765 |
27,462 |
|
1,3767 |
27,518 |
|
1,3768 |
27,575 |
|
1,3769 |
27,632 |
|
1,3770 |
27,688 |
|
1,3771 |
27,745 |
|
1,3772 |
27,802 |
|
1,3773 |
27,858 |
|
1,3774 |
27,915 |
|
1,3775 |
27,971 |
|
1,3776 |
28,028 |
|
1,3777 |
28,084 |
|
1,3778 |
28,141 |
|
1,3779 |
28,197 |
|
1,3780 |
28,253 |
|
1,3781 |
28,310 |
|
1,3782 |
28,366 |
|
1,3783 |
28,422 |
|
1,3784 |
28,479 |
|
1,3785 |
28,535 |
|
1,3786 |
28,591 |
|
1,3787 |
28,648 |
|
1,3788 |
28,704 |
|
1,3789 |
28,760 |
|
1,3790 |
28,816 |
|
1,3791 |
28,872 |
|
1,3792 |
28,928 |
|
1,3793 |
28,984 |
|
1,3794 |
29,040 |
|
1,3795 |
29,096 |
|
1,3796 |
29,152 |
|
1,3797 |
29,208 |
|
1,3798 |
29,264 |
|
1,3799 |
29,320 |
|
1,3800 |
29,376 |
|
1,3801 |
29,432 |
|
1,3802 |
29,488 |
|
1,3803 |
29,544 |
|
1,3804 |
29,600 |
|
1,3805 |
29,655 |
|
1,3806 |
29,711 |
|
1,3807 |
29,767 |
|
1,3808 |
29,823 |
|
1,3809 |
29,878 |
|
1,3810 |
29,934 |
|
1,3811 |
29,989 |
|
1,3812 |
30,045 |
|
1,3813 |
30,101 |
|
1,3814 |
30,156 |
|
1,3815 |
30,212 |
|
1,3816 |
30,267 |
|
1,3817 |
30,323 |
|
1,3818 |
30,378 |
|
1,3819 |
30,434 |
|
1,3820 |
30,489 |
|
1,3821 |
30,544 |
|
1,3822 |
30,600 |
|
1,3823 |
30,655 |
|
1,3824 |
30,711 |
|
1,3825 |
30,766 |
|
1,3826 |
30,821 |
|
1,3827 |
30,876 |
|
1,3828 |
30,932 |
|
1,3829 |
30,987 |
|
1,3830 |
31,042 |
|
1,3831 |
31,097 |
|
1,3832 |
31,152 |
|
1,3833 |
31,207 |
|
1,3834 |
31,262 |
|
1,3835 |
31,317 |
|
1,3836 |
31,372 |
|
1,3837 |
31,428 |
|
1,3838 |
31,482 |
|
1,3839 |
31,537 |
|
1,3840 |
31,592 |
|
1,3841 |
31,647 |
|
1,3842 |
31,702 |
|
1,3843 |
31,757 |
|
1,3844 |
31,812 |
|
1,3845 |
31,867 |
|
1,3846 |
31,922 |
|
1,3847 |
31,976 |
|
1,3848 |
32,031 |
|
1,3849 |
32,086 |
|
1,3850 |
32,140 |
|
1,3851 |
32,195 |
|
1,3852 |
32,250 |
|
1,3853 |
32,304 |
|
1,3854 |
32,359 |
|
1,3855 |
32,414 |
|
1,3856 |
32,468 |
|
1,3857 |
32,523 |
|
1,3858 |
32,577 |
|
1,3859 |
32,632 |
|
1,3860 |
32,686 |
|
1,3861 |
32,741 |
|
1,3862 |
32,795 |
|
1,3863 |
32,849 |
|
1,3864 |
32,904 |
|
1,3865 |
32,958 |
|
1,3866 |
33,013 |
|
1,3867 |
33,067 |
|
1,3868 |
33,121 |
|
1,3889 |
33,175 |
|
1,3870 |
33,230 |
|
1,3871 |
33,284 |
|
1,3872 |
33,338 |
|
1,3873 |
33,392 |
|
1,3874 |
33,446 |
|
1,3875 |
33,500 |
|
1,3876 |
33,555 |
|
1,3877 |
33,609 |
|
1,3878 |
33,663 |
|
1,3879 |
33,717 |
|
1,3880 |
33,771 |
|
1,3881 |
33,825 |
|
1,3882 |
33,879 |
|
1,3883 |
33,933 |
|
1,3884 |
33,987 |
|
1,3885 |
34,040 |
|
1,3886 |
34,094 |
|
1,3887 |
34,148 |
|
1,3888 |
34,202 |
|
1,3889 |
34,256 |
|
1,3890 |
34,310 |
|
1,3891 |
34,363 |
|
1,3892 |
34,417 |
|
1,3893 |
34,471 |
|
1,3894 |
34,524 |
|
1,3895 |
34,578 |
|
1,3896 |
34,632 |
|
1,3897 |
34,685 |
|
1,3898 |
34,739 |
|
1,3899 |
34,793 |
|
1,3900 |
34,846 |
|
1,3901 |
34,900 |
|
1,3902 |
34,953 |
|
1,3903 |
35,007 |
|
1,3904 |
35,060 |
|
1,3905 |
35,114 |
|
1,3906 |
35,167 |
|
1,3907 |
35,220 |
|
1,3908 |
35,274 |
|
1,3909 |
35,327 |
|
1,3910 |
35,380 |
|
1,3911 |
35,434 |
|
1,3912 |
35,487 |
|
1,3913 |
35,540 |
|
1,3914 |
35,593 |
|
1,3915 |
35,647 |
|
1,3916 |
35,700 |
|
1,3917 |
35,753 |
|
1,3918 |
35,806 |
|
1,3919 |
35,859 |
|
1,3920 |
35,912 |
|
1,3921 |
35,966 |
|
1,3922 |
36,019 |
|
1,3923 |
36,072 |
|
1,3924 |
36,125 |
|
1,3925 |
36,178 |
|
1,3926 |
36,231 |
|
1,3927 |
36,284 |
|
1,3928 |
36,337 |
|
1,3929 |
36,389 |
|
1,3930 |
36,442 |
|
1,3931 |
36,495 |
|
1,3932 |
36,548 |
|
1,3933 |
36,601 |
|
1,3934 |
36,654 |
|
1,3935 |
36,706 |
|
1,3936 |
36,759 |
|
1,3937 |
36,812 |
|
1,3938 |
36,865 |
|
1,3939 |
36,917 |
|
1,3940 |
36,970 |
|
1,3941 |
37,023 |
|
1,3942 |
37,075 |
|
1,3943 |
37,128 |
|
1,3944 |
37,180 |
|
1,3945 |
37,233 |
|
1,3946 |
37,286 |
|
1,3947 |
37,338 |
|
1,3948 |
37,391 |
|
1,3949 |
37,443 |
|
1,3950 |
37,495 |
|
1,3951 |
37,548 |
|
1,3952 |
37,600 |
|
1,3953 |
37,653 |
|
1,3954 |
37,705 |
|
1,3955 |
37,757 |
|
1,3956 |
37,810 |
|
1,3957 |
37,862 |
|
1,3958 |
37,914 |
|
1,3959 |
37,967 |
|
1,3960 |
38,019 |
|
1,3961 |
38,071 |
|
1,3962 |
38,123 |
|
1,3963 |
38,175 |
|
1,3964 |
38,228 |
|
1,3965 |
38,280 |
|
1,3966 |
38,332 |
|
1,3967 |
38,384 |
|
1,3968 |
38,436 |
|
1,3969 |
38,488 |
|
1,3970 |
38,540 |
|
1,3971 |
38,592 |
|
1,3972 |
38,644 |
|
1,3973 |
38,696 |
|
1,3974 |
38,748 |
|
1,3975 |
38,800 |
|
1,3976 |
38,852 |
|
1,3977 |
38,904 |
|
1,3978 |
38,955 |
|
1,3979 |
39,007 |
|
1,3980 |
39,059 |
|
1,3981 |
39,111 |
|
1,3982 |
39,163 |
|
1,3983 |
39,214 |
|
1,3984 |
39,266 |
|
1,3985 |
39,318 |
|
1,3986 |
39,370 |
|
1,3987 |
39,421 |
|
1,3988 |
39,473 |
|
1,3989 |
39,525 |
|
1,3990 |
39,576 |
|
1,3991 |
39,628 |
|
1,3992 |
39,679 |
|
1,3993 |
39,731 |
|
1,3994 |
39,782 |
|
1,3995 |
39,834 |
|
1,3996 |
39,885 |
|
1,3997 |
39,937 |
|
1,3998 |
39,988 |
|
1,3999 |
40,040 |
|
1,4000 |
40,091 |
|
1,4001 |
40,142 |
|
1,4002 |
40,194 |
|
1,4003 |
40,245 |
|
1,4004 |
40,296 |
|
1,4005 |
40,348 |
|
1,4006 |
40,399 |
|
1,4007 |
40,450 |
|
1,4008 |
40,501 |
|
1,4009 |
40,553 |
|
1,4010 |
40,604 |
|
1,4011 |
40,655 |
|
1,4012 |
40,706 |
|
1,4013 |
40,757 |
|
1,4014 |
40,808 |
|
1,4015 |
40,860 |
|
1,4016 |
40,911 |
|
1,4017 |
40,962 |
|
1,4018 |
41,013 |
|
1,4019 |
41,064 |
|
1,4020 |
41,115 |
|
1,4021 |
41,166 |
|
1,4022 |
41,217 |
|
1,4023 |
41,268 |
|
1,4024 |
41,318 |
|
1,4025 |
41,369 |
|
1,4026 |
41,420 |
|
1,4027 |
41,471 |
|
1,4028 |
41,522 |
|
1,4029 |
41,573 |
|
1,4030 |
41,623 |
|
1,4031 |
41,674 |
|
1,4032 |
41,725 |
|
1,4033 |
41,776 |
|
1,4034 |
41,826 |
|
1,4035 |
41,877 |
|
1,4036 |
41,928 |
|
1,4037 |
41,978 |
|
1,4038 |
42,029 |
|
1,4039 |
42,080 |
|
1,4040 |
42,130 |
|
1,4041 |
42,181 |
|
1,4042 |
42,231 |
|
1,4043 |
42,282 |
|
1,4044 |
42,332 |
|
1,4045 |
42,383 |
|
1,4046 |
42,433 |
|
1,4047 |
42,484 |
|
1,4048 |
42,534 |
|
1,4049 |
42,585 |
|
1,4050 |
42,635 |
|
1,4051 |
42,685 |
|
1,4052 |
42,736 |
|
1,4053 |
42,786 |
|
1,4054 |
42,836 |
|
1,4055 |
42,887 |
|
1,4056 |
42,937 |
|
1,4057 |
42,987 |
|
1,4058 |
43,037 |
|
1,4059 |
43,088 |
|
1,4060 |
43,138 |
|
1,4061 |
43,188 |
|
1,4062 |
43,238 |
|
1,4063 |
43,288 |
|
1,4064 |
43,338 |
|
1,4065 |
43,388 |
|
1,4066 |
43,439 |
|
1,4067 |
43,489 |
|
1,4068 |
43,539 |
|
1,4069 |
43,589 |
|
1,4070 |
43,639 |
|
1,4071 |
43,689 |
|
1,4072 |
43739 |
|
1,4073 |
43,789 |
|
1,4074 |
43,838 |
|
1,4075 |
43,888 |
|
1,4076 |
43,938 |
|
1,4077 |
43,988 |
|
1,4078 |
44,038 |
|
1,4079 |
44,088 |
|
1,4080 |
44,138 |
|
1,4081 |
44,187 |
|
1,4082 |
44,237 |
|
1,4083 |
44,287 |
|
1,4084 |
44,337 |
|
1,4085 |
44,386 |
|
1,4086 |
44,436 |
|
1,4087 |
44,486 |
|
1,4088 |
44,535 |
|
1,4089 |
44,585 |
|
1,4090 |
44,635 |
|
1,4091 |
44,684 |
|
1,4092 |
44,734 |
|
1,4093 |
44,783 |
|
1,4094 |
44,833 |
|
1,4095 |
44,882 |
|
1,4096 |
44,932 |
|
1,4097 |
44,981 |
|
1,4098 |
45,031 |
|
1,4099 |
45,080 |
|
1,4100 |
45,130 |
|
1,4101 |
43,179 |
|
1,4102 |
45,228 |
|
1,4103 |
45,278 |
|
1,4104 |
45,327 |
|
1,4105 |
45,376 |
|
1,4106 |
45,426 |
|
1,4107 |
45,475 |
|
1,4108 |
45,524 |
|
1,4109 |
45,574 |
|
1,4110 |
45,623 |
|
1,4111 |
45,672 |
|
1,4112 |
45,721 |
|
1,4113 |
45,770 |
|
1,4114 |
45,820 |
|
1,4115 |
45,869 |
|
1,4116 |
45,918 |
|
1,4117 |
46,967 |
|
1,4118 |
46,016 |
|
1,4119 |
46,065 |
|
1,4120 |
46,114 |
|
1,4121 |
46,163 |
|
1,4122 |
46,212 |
|
1,4123 |
46,261 |
|
1,4124 |
46,310 |
|
1,4125 |
46,359 |
|
1,4126 |
46,408 |
|
1,4127 |
46,457 |
|
1,4128 |
46,506 |
|
1,4129 |
46,555 |
|
1,4130 |
46,604 |
|
1,4131 |
46,652 |
|
1,4132 |
46,701 |
|
1,4133 |
46,750 |
|
1,4134 |
46,799 |
|
1,4135 |
46,848 |
|
1,4136 |
46,896 |
|
1,4137 |
46,945 |
|
1,4138 |
46,994 |
|
1,4139 |
47,043 |
|
1,4140 |
47,091 |
|
1,4141 |
47,140 |
|
1,4141 |
47,188 |
|
1,4143 |
47,237 |
|
1,4144 |
47,286 |
|
1,4145 |
47,334 |
|
1,4146 |
47,383 |
|
1,4147 |
47,431 |
|
1,4148 |
47,480 |
|
1,4149 |
47,528 |
|
1,4150 |
47,577 |
|
1,4151 |
47,625 |
|
1,4152 |
47,674 |
|
1,4153 |
47,722 |
|
1,4154 |
47,771 |
|
1,4155 |
47,819 |
|
1,4156 |
47,868 |
|
1,4157 |
47,916 |
|
1,4158 |
47,964 |
|
1,4159 |
48,013 |
|
1,4160 |
48,061 |
|
1,4161 |
48,109 |
|
1,4162 |
48,158 |
|
1,4163 |
48,206 |
|
1,4164 |
48,254 |
|
1,4165 |
48,302 |
|
1,4166 |
48,350 |
|
1,4167 |
48,399 |
|
1,4168 |
48,447 |
|
1,4169 |
48,495 |
|
1,4170 |
48,543 |
|
1,4171 |
48,591 |
|
1,4172 |
48,639 |
|
1,4173 |
48,687 |
|
1,4174 |
48,735 |
|
1,4175 |
48,784 |
|
1,4176 |
48,832 |
|
1,4177 |
48,880 |
|
1,4178 |
48,928 |
|
1,4179 |
48,976 |
|
1,4180 |
49,023 |
|
1,4181 |
49,071 |
|
1,4182 |
49,119 |
|
1,4183 |
49,167 |
|
1,4184 |
49,215 |
|
1,4185 |
49,263 |
|
1,4186 |
49,311 |
|
1,4187 |
49,359 |
|
1,4188 |
49,407 |
|
1,4189 |
49,454 |
|
1,4190 |
49,502 |
|
1,4191 |
49,550 |
|
1,4192 |
49,598 |
|
1,4193 |
49,645 |
|
1,4194 |
49,693 |
|
1,4195 |
49,741 |
|
1,4196 |
49,788 |
|
1,4197 |
49,836 |
|
1,4198 |
49,884 |
|
1,4199 |
49,931 |
|
1,4200 |
49,979 |
|
1,4201 |
50,027 |
|
1,4202 |
50,074 |
|
1,4203 |
50,122 |
|
1,4204 |
50,169 |
|
1,4205 |
50,217 |
|
1,4206 |
50,264 |
|
1,4207 |
50,312 |
|
1,4208 |
50,359 |
|
1,4209 |
50,407 |
|
1,4210 |
50,454 |
|
1,4211 |
50,502 |
|
1,4212 |
50,549 |
|
1,4213 |
50,596 |
|
1,4214 |
50,644 |
|
1,4215 |
50,691 |
|
1,4216 |
50,738 |
|
1,4217 |
50,786 |
|
1,4218 |
50,833 |
|
1,4219 |
50,880 |
|
1,4220 |
50,928 |
|
1,4221 |
50,975 |
|
1,4222 |
51,022 |
|
1,4223 |
51,069 |
|
1,4224 |
51,116 |
|
1,4225 |
51,164 |
|
1,4226 |
51,211 |
|
1,4227 |
51,258 |
|
1,4228 |
51305 |
|
1,4229 |
51,352 |
|
1,4230 |
51,399 |
|
1,4231 |
51,446 |
|
1,4232 |
51,493 |
|
1,4233 |
51,540 |
|
1,4234 |
51,587 |
|
1,4235 |
51,634 |
|
1,4236 |
51,681 |
|
1,4237 |
51,728 |
|
1,4238 |
51,775 |
|
1,4239 |
51,822 |
|
1,4240 |
51,869 |
|
1,4241 |
51,916 |
|
1,4242 |
51,963 |
|
1,4243 |
52,010 |
|
1,4244 |
52,057 |
|
1,4245 |
52,104 |
|
1,4246 |
52,150 |
|
1,4247 |
52,197 |
|
1,4248 |
52,244 |
|
1,4249 |
52,291 |
|
1,4250 |
52,338 |
|
1,4251 |
52,384 |
|
1,4252 |
52,431 |
|
1,4253 |
52,478 |
|
1,4254 |
52,524 |
|
1,4255 |
52,571 |
|
1,4256 |
52,618 |
|
1,4257 |
52,664 |
|
1,4258 |
52,711 |
|
1,4259 |
52,758 |
|
1,4260 |
52,804 |
|
1,4261 |
52,851 |
|
1,4261 |
52,897 |
|
1,4263 |
52,944 |
|
1,4264 |
52,990 |
|
1,4265 |
53,037 |
|
1,4266 |
53,083 |
|
1,4267 |
53,130 |
|
1,4268 |
53,176 |
|
1,4269 |
53,223 |
|
1,4270 |
53,269 |
|
1,4271 |
53,316 |
|
1,4272 |
53,362 |
|
1,4273 |
53,408 |
|
1,4274 |
53,455 |
|
1,4275 |
53,501 |
|
1,4276 |
53,548 |
|
1,4277 |
53,594 |
|
1,4278 |
53,640 |
|
1,4279 |
53,686 |
|
1,4280 |
53,733 |
|
1,4281 |
53,779 |
|
1,4282 |
53,825 |
|
1,4283 |
53,871 |
|
1,4284 |
53,918 |
|
1,4285 |
53,964 |
|
1,4286 |
54,010 |
|
1,4287 |
54,056 |
|
1,4288 |
54,102 |
|
1,4289 |
54,148 |
|
1,4290 |
54,194 |
|
1,4291 |
54,241 |
|
1,4292 |
54,287 |
|
1,4293 |
54,333 |
|
1,4294 |
54,379 |
|
1,4295 |
54,425 |
|
1,4296 |
54,471 |
|
1,4297 |
54,517 |
|
1,4298 |
54,563 |
|
1,4299 |
54,609 |
|
1,4300 |
54,655 |
|
1,4301 |
54,701 |
|
1,4302 |
54,746 |
|
1,4303 |
54,792 |
|
1,4304 |
54,838 |
|
1,4305 |
54,884 |
|
1,4306 |
54,930 |
|
1,4307 |
54,976 |
|
1,4308 |
55,022 |
|
1,4309 |
55067 |
|
1,4310 |
55,113 |
|
1,4311 |
55,159 |
|
1,4312 |
55,205 |
|
1,4313 |
55,250 |
|
1,4314 |
55,296 |
|
1,4315 |
55,342 |
|
1,4316 |
55,388 |
|
1,4317 |
55,433 |
|
1,4318 |
55,479 |
|
1,4319 |
55,524 |
|
1,4320 |
55,570 |
|
1,4321 |
55,616 |
|
1,4322 |
55,661 |
|
1,4323 |
55,707 |
|
1,4324 |
55,752 |
|
1,4325 |
55,798 |
|
1,4326 |
55,844 |
|
1,4327 |
55,889 |
|
1,4328 |
55,935 |
|
1,4329 |
55,980 |
|
1,4330 |
56,026 |
|
1,4331 |
56,071 |
|
1,4332 |
56,116 |
|
1,4133 |
56,162 |
|
1,4334 |
56,207 |
|
1,4335 |
56,253 |
|
1,4336 |
56,298 |
|
1,4337 |
56,343 |
|
1,4338 |
56,389 |
|
1,4339 |
56,434 |
|
1,4340 |
56,479 |
|
1,4341 |
56,525 |
|
1,4342 |
56,570 |
|
1,4343 |
56,615 |
|
1,4344 |
56,660 |
|
1,4345 |
56,706 |
|
1,4346 |
56,751 |
|
1,4347 |
56,796 |
|
1,4348 |
56,841 |
|
1,4349 |
56,887 |
|
1,4350 |
56,932 |
|
1,4351 |
56,977 |
|
1,4352 |
57,022 |
|
1,4353 |
57,067 |
|
1,4354 |
57,112 |
|
1,4355 |
57,157 |
|
1,4356 |
57,202 |
|
1,4357 |
57,247 |
|
14358 |
57,292 |
|
1,4359 |
57,337 |
|
1,4360 |
57,382 |
|
1,4361 |
57,427 |
|
1,4362 |
57,472 |
|
1,4363 |
57,517 |
|
1,4364 |
57,562 |
|
1,4365 |
57,607 |
|
1,4366 |
57,652 |
|
1,4367 |
57,697 |
|
1,4368 |
57,742 |
|
1,4369 |
57,787 |
|
1,4370 |
57,832 |
|
1,4371 |
57,877 |
|
1,4372 |
57,921 |
|
1,4373 |
57,966 |
|
1,4374 |
58,011 |
|
1,4375 |
58,056 |
|
1,4376 |
58,101 |
|
1,4377 |
58,145 |
|
1,4378 |
58,190 |
|
1,4379 |
58,235 |
|
1,4380 |
58,279 |
|
1,4381 |
58,324 |
|
1,4382 |
58,369 |
|
1,4383 |
58,413 |
|
1,4384 |
53,458 |
|
1,4385 |
58,503 |
|
1,4386 |
58,547 |
|
1,4387 |
58,592 |
|
1,4388 |
58,637 |
|
1,4389 |
58,681 |
|
1,4390 |
58,726 |
|
1,4391 |
58,770 |
|
1,4392 |
58,815 |
|
1,4393 |
58,859 |
|
1,4394 |
58,904 |
|
1,4395 |
58,948 |
|
1,4396 |
58,993 |
|
1,4397 |
59,037 |
|
1,4398 |
59,082 |
|
1,4399 |
59,126 |
|
1,4400 |
59,170 |
|
1,4401 |
59,215 |
|
1,4402 |
59,259 |
|
1,4403 |
59,304 |
|
1,4404 |
59,348 |
|
1,4405 |
59,392 |
|
1,4406 |
59,437 |
|
1,4407 |
59,481 |
|
1,4408 |
59,525 |
|
1,4409 |
59,569 |
|
1,4410 |
59,614 |
|
1,4411 |
59,658 |
|
1,4412 |
59,702 |
|
1,4413 |
59,746 |
|
1,4414 |
59,791 |
|
1,4415 |
59,835 |
|
1,4416 |
59,879 |
|
1,4417 |
59,923 |
|
1,4418 |
59,967 |
|
1,4419 |
60,011 |
|
1,4420 |
60,056 |
|
1,4421 |
60,100 |
|
1,4422 |
60,144 |
|
1,4423 |
60,188 |
|
1,4424 |
60,232 |
|
1,4425 |
60,276 |
|
1,4426 |
60,320 |
|
1,4427 |
60,364 |
|
1,4428 |
60,408 |
|
1,4429 |
60,452 |
|
1,4430 |
60,496 |
|
1,4431 |
60,540 |
|
1,4432 |
60,584 |
|
1,4433 |
60,628 |
|
1,4434 |
60,672 |
|
1,4435 |
60,716 |
|
1,4436 |
60,759 |
|
1,4437 |
60,803 |
|
1,4438 |
60,847 |
|
1,4439 |
60,891 |
|
1,4440 |
60,935 |
|
1,4441 |
60,979 |
|
1,4442 |
61,023 |
|
1,4443 |
61,066 |
|
1,4444 |
61,110 |
|
1,4445 |
61,154 |
|
1,4446 |
61,198 |
|
1,4447 |
61,241 |
|
1,4448 |
61,285 |
|
1,4449 |
61,329 |
|
1,4450 |
61,372 |
|
1,4451 |
61,416 |
|
1,4452 |
61,460 |
|
1,4453 |
61,503 |
|
1,4454 |
61,547 |
|
1,4455 |
61,591 |
|
1,4456 |
61,634 |
|
1,4457 |
61,678 |
|
1,4458 |
61,721 |
|
1,4459 |
61,765 |
|
1,4460 |
61,809 |
|
1,4461 |
61,852 |
|
1,4462 |
61,896 |
|
1,4463 |
61,939 |
|
1,4464 |
62,983 |
|
1,4465 |
62,026 |
|
1,4466 |
62,070 |
|
1,4467 |
62,113 |
|
1,4468 |
62,156 |
|
1,4469 |
62,200 |
|
1,4470 |
62,243 |
|
1,4471 |
62,287 |
|
1,4472 |
62,330 |
|
1,4473 |
62,373 |
|
1,4474 |
62,417 |
|
1,4475 |
62,460 |
|
1,4476 |
62,503 |
|
1,4477 |
62,547 |
|
1,4478 |
62,590 |
|
14479 |
62,633 |
|
1,4480 |
62,677 |
|
1,4481 |
62,720 |
|
1,4482 |
62,763 |
|
1,4483 |
62,806 |
|
1,4184 |
62,849 |
|
1,4485 |
62,893 |
|
1,4486 |
62,936 |
|
1,4487 |
62,979 |
|
1,4488 |
63,022 |
|
1,4489 |
63,065 |
|
1,4490 |
63,108 |
|
1,4491 |
63,152 |
|
1,4492 |
63,195 |
|
1,4493 |
63,238 |
|
1,4494 |
63,281 |
|
1,4495 |
63,324 |
|
1,4496 |
63,367 |
|
1,4497 |
63,410 |
|
1,4498 |
63,453 |
|
1,4499 |
63,496 |
|
1,4500 |
63,539 |
|
1,4501 |
63,582 |
|
1,4502 |
63,625 |
|
1,4503 |
63,668 |
|
1,4304 |
63,711 |
|
1,4505 |
63,754 |
|
1,4506 |
63,797 |
|
1,4507 |
63,840 |
|
1,4508 |
63,882 |
|
1,4509 |
63,925 |
|
1,4510 |
63,968 |
|
1,4511 |
64,011 |
|
1,4512 |
64,054 |
|
1,4513 |
64,097 |
|
1,4514 |
64,139 |
|
1,4515 |
64,182 |
|
1,4516 |
64,225 |
|
1,4517 |
64,268 |
|
1,4518 |
64,311 |
|
1,4519 |
64,353 |
|
1,4520 |
64,396 |
|
1,4521 |
64,439 |
|
1,4522 |
64,481 |
|
1,4523 |
64,524 |
|
1,4524 |
64,567 |
|
1,4525 |
64,609 |
|
1,4526 |
64,652 |
|
1,4527 |
64,695 |
|
1,4528 |
64,737 |
|
1,4529 |
64,780 |
|
1,4530 |
64,823 |
|
1,4531 |
64,865 |
|
1,4532 |
64,908 |
|
1,4533 |
64,950 |
|
1,4534 |
64,993 |
|
1,4535 |
65,035 |
|
1,4536 |
65,078 |
|
1,4537 |
65,120 |
|
1,4538 |
65,163 |
|
1,4539 |
65,205 |
|
1,4540 |
65,248 |
|
1,4541 |
65,290 |
|
1,4542 |
65,333 |
|
1,4543 |
65,375 |
|
1,4544 |
65,417 |
|
1,4545 |
65,460 |
|
1,4546 |
65,502 |
|
1,4547 |
65,544 |
|
1,4548 |
65,587 |
|
1,4549 |
65,629 |
|
1,4550 |
65,672 |
|
1,4551 |
65,714 |
|
1,4552 |
65,756 |
|
1,4553 |
65,798 |
|
1,4554 |
65,841 |
|
1,4555 |
65,883 |
|
1,4556 |
65,925 |
|
1,4557 |
65,967 |
|
1,4558 |
66,010 |
|
1,4559 |
66,052 |
|
1,4560 |
66,094 |
|
1,4561 |
66,136 |
|
1,4562 |
66,178 |
|
1,4563 |
66,221 |
|
1,4564 |
66,263 |
|
1,4565 |
66,305 |
|
1,4566 |
66,347 |
|
1,4567 |
66,389 |
|
1,4568 |
66,431 |
|
1,4569 |
66,473 |
|
1,4570 |
66,515 |
|
1,4571 |
66,557 |
|
1,4572 |
66,599 |
|
1,4573 |
66,641 |
|
1,4574 |
66,683 |
|
1,4575 |
66,725 |
|
1,4576 |
66,767 |
|
1,4577 |
66,809 |
|
1,4578 |
66,851 |
|
1,4579 |
66,893 |
|
1,4580 |
66,935 |
|
1,4581 |
66,977 |
|
1,4582 |
67,019 |
|
1,4583 |
67,061 |
|
1,4584 |
67,103 |
|
1,4585 |
67,145 |
|
1,4586 |
67,186 |
|
1,4587 |
67,228 |
|
1,4588 |
67,270 |
|
1,4589 |
67,312 |
|
1,4590 |
67,354 |
|
1,4591 |
67,396 |
|
1,4592 |
67,437 |
|
1,4593 |
67,479 |
|
1,4594 |
67,521 |
|
1,4595 |
67,563 |
|
1,4596 |
67,604 |
|
1,4597 |
67,646 |
|
1,4598 |
67,688 |
|
1,4599 |
67,729 |
|
1,4600 |
67,771 |
|
1,4601 |
67,813 |
|
1,4602 |
67,854 |
|
1,4603 |
67,896 |
|
1,4604 |
67,938 |
|
1,4605 |
67,979 |
|
1,4606 |
68,021 |
|
1,4607 |
68,063 |
|
1,4608 |
68,104 |
|
1,4609 |
68,146 |
|
1,4610 |
68,187 |
|
1,4611 |
68,229 |
|
1,4611 |
68,270 |
|
1,4613 |
68,312 |
|
1,4614 |
68,353 |
|
1,4615 |
68,395 |
|
1,4616 |
68,436 |
|
1,4617 |
68,478 |
|
1,4618 |
68,519 |
|
1,4619 |
68,561 |
|
1,4620 |
68,602 |
|
1,4621 |
68,643 |
|
1,4622 |
68,685 |
|
1,4623 |
68,726 |
|
1,4624 |
68,768 |
|
1,4625 |
68,809 |
|
1,4626 |
68,850 |
|
1,4627 |
68,892 |
|
1,4628 |
68,933 |
|
1,4629 |
68,974 |
|
1,4630 |
69,016 |
|
1,4631 |
69,057 |
|
1,4632 |
69,098 |
|
1,4633 |
69,139 |
|
1,4634 |
69,181 |
|
1,4635 |
69,222 |
|
1,4636 |
69,263 |
|
1,4637 |
69,304 |
|
1,4638 |
69,346 |
|
1,4639 |
69,387 |
|
1,4640 |
69,428 |
|
1,4641 |
69,469 |
|
1,4642 |
69,510 |
|
1,4643 |
69,551 |
|
1,4644 |
69,593 |
|
1,4645 |
69,634 |
|
1,4646 |
69,675 |
|
1,4647 |
69,716 |
|
1,4648 |
69,757 |
|
1,4649 |
69,798 |
|
1,4650 |
69,839 |
|
1,4651 |
69,880 |
|
1,4652 |
69,921 |
|
1,4653 |
69,962 |
|
1,4654 |
70,003 |
|
1,4655 |
70,044 |
|
1,4656 |
70,085 |
|
1,4657 |
70,126 |
|
1,4658 |
70,167 |
|
1,4659 |
70,208 |
|
1,4660 |
70,249 |
|
1,4661 |
70,290 |
|
1,4662 |
70,331 |
|
1,4663 |
70,372 |
|
1,4664 |
70,413 |
|
1,4665 |
70,453 |
|
1,4666 |
70,494 |
|
1,4667 |
70,535 |
|
1,4668 |
70,576 |
|
1,4669 |
70,617 |
|
1,4670 |
70,658 |
|
1,4671 |
70,698 |
|
1,4672 |
70,739 |
|
1,4673 |
70,780 |
|
1,4674 |
70,821 |
|
1,4675 |
70,861 |
|
1,4676 |
70,902 |
|
1,4677 |
70,943 |
|
1,4678 |
70,984 |
|
1,4679 |
71024 |
|
1,4680 |
71,065 |
|
1,4681 |
71,106 |
|
1,4681 |
71,146 |
|
1,4683 |
71,187 |
|
1,4684 |
71,228 |
|
1,4685 |
71,268 |
|
1,4686 |
71,309 |
|
1,4687 |
71,349 |
|
1,4688 |
71,390 |
|
1,4689 |
71,431 |
|
1,4690 |
71,471 |
|
1,4691 |
71,512 |
|
1,4692 |
71,552 |
|
1,4693 |
71,593 |
|
1,4694 |
71,633 |
|
1,4695 |
71,674 |
|
1,4696 |
71,714 |
|
1,4697 |
71,755 |
|
1,4698 |
71,795 |
|
1,4699 |
71,836 |
|
1,4700 |
71,876 |
|
1,4701 |
71,917 |
|
1,4702 |
71,957 |
|
1,4703 |
71,998 |
|
1,4704 |
72,038 |
|
1,4705 |
72,078 |
|
1,4706 |
72,119 |
|
1,4707 |
72,159 |
|
1,4708 |
72,199 |
|
1,4709 |
72,240 |
|
1,4710 |
72,280 |
|
1,4711 |
72,320 |
|
1,4712 |
72,361 |
|
1,4713 |
72,401 |
|
1,4714 |
72,441 |
|
1,4715 |
72,482 |
|
1,4716 |
72,522 |
|
1,4717 |
72,562 |
|
1,4718 |
72,602 |
|
1,4719 |
72,643 |
|
1,4720 |
72,683 |
|
1,4721 |
72,723 |
|
1,4722 |
72,763 |
|
1,4723 |
72,803 |
|
1,4724 |
72,843 |
|
1,4725 |
72,884 |
|
1,4726 |
72924 |
|
1,4727 |
72,964 |
|
1,4728 |
73,004 |
|
1,4729 |
73,044 |
|
1,4730 |
73,084 |
|
1,4731 |
73,124 |
|
1,4732 |
73,164 |
|
1,4733 |
73,204 |
|
1,4734 |
73,244 |
|
1,4735 |
73,285 |
|
1,4736 |
73,325 |
|
1,4737 |
73,365 |
|
1,4738 |
73,405 |
|
1,4739 |
73,445 |
|
1,4740 |
73,485 |
|
1,4741 |
73,524 |
|
1,4742 |
73,564 |
|
1,4743 |
73,604 |
|
1,4744 |
73,644 |
|
1,4745 |
73,684 |
|
1,4746 |
73,724 |
|
1,4747 |
73,764 |
|
1,4748 |
73,804 |
|
1,4749 |
73,844 |
|
1,4750 |
73,884 |
|
1,4751 |
73,924 |
|
1,4752 |
73,963 |
|
1,4753 |
74,003 |
|
1,4754 |
74,043 |
|
1,4755 |
74,083 |
|
1,4756 |
74,123 |
|
1,4757 |
74,162 |
|
1,4758 |
74,202 |
|
1,4759 |
74,242 |
|
1,4760 |
74,282 |
|
1,4761 |
74,321 |
|
1,4762 |
74,361 |
|
1,4763 |
74,401 |
|
1,4764 |
74,441 |
|
1,4765 |
74,480 |
|
1,4766 |
74,520 |
|
1,4767 |
74,560 |
|
1,4768 |
74,599 |
|
1,4769 |
74,639 |
|
1,4770 |
74,678 |
|
1,4771 |
74,718 |
|
1,1772 |
74,758 |
|
1,4773 |
74,797 |
|
1,4774 |
74,837 |
|
1,4775 |
74,876 |
|
1,4776 |
74,916 |
|
1,4777 |
74,956 |
|
1,4778 |
74,995 |
|
1,4779 |
75,035 |
|
1,4780 |
75,074 |
|
1,1781 |
75,114 |
|
1,4782 |
75,153 |
|
1,4783 |
75,193 |
|
1,4784 |
75,232 |
|
1,4785 |
75,272 |
|
1,4786 |
75,311 |
|
1,4787 |
75,350 |
|
1,4788 |
75,390 |
|
1,4789 |
75,429 |
|
1,4790 |
75,469 |
|
1,4791 |
75,508 |
|
1,4792 |
75,547 |
|
1,4793 |
75,587 |
|
1,4794 |
75,626 |
|
1,4795 |
75,666 |
|
1,4796 |
75,705 |
|
1,4797 |
75,744 |
|
1,4798 |
75,784 |
|
1,4799 |
75,823 |
|
1,4800 |
75,862 |
|
1,4801 |
75,901 |
|
1,4802 |
75,941 |
|
1,4803 |
75,980 |
|
1,4804 |
76,019 |
|
1,4805 |
76,058 |
|
1,4806 |
76,098 |
|
1,4807 |
76,137 |
|
1,4808 |
76,176 |
|
1,4809 |
76,215 |
|
1,4810 |
76,254 |
|
1,4810 |
76,294 |
|
1,4812 |
76,333 |
|
1,4813 |
76,372 |
|
1,4814 |
76,411 |
|
1,4815 |
76,450 |
|
1,4816 |
76,489 |
|
1,4817 |
76,528 |
|
1,4818 |
76,567 |
|
1,4819 |
76,607 |
|
1,4820 |
76,646 |
|
1,4821 |
76,685 |
|
1,4822 |
76,724 |
|
1,4823 |
76,763 |
|
1,4824 |
76,802 |
|
1,4825 |
76,841 |
|
1,4826 |
76,880 |
|
1,4827 |
76,919 |
|
1,4828 |
76,958 |
|
1,4829 |
76,997 |
|
1,4830 |
77,036 |
|
1,4831 |
77,075 |
|
1,4832 |
77,113 |
|
1,4833 |
77,152 |
|
1,4834 |
77,191 |
|
1,4835 |
77,230 |
|
1 4336 |
77269 |
|
1,4837 |
77,308 |
|
1,4838 |
77,347 |
|
1,4839 |
77,386 |
|
1,4840 |
77,425 |
|
1,4841 |
77,463 |
|
1,4842 |
77,502 |
|
1,4843 |
77,541 |
|
1,4844 |
77,580 |
|
1,4845 |
77,619 |
|
1,4846 |
77,657 |
|
1,4847 |
77,696 |
|
1,4848 |
77,735 |
|
1,4849 |
77,774 |
|
1,4850 |
77,812 |
|
1,4851 |
77,851 |
|
1,4852 |
77,890 |
|
1,4853 |
77,928 |
|
1,4854 |
77,967 |
|
1,4855 |
78,006 |
|
1,4856 |
78,045 |
|
1,4857 |
78,083 |
|
1,4858 |
78,122 |
|
1,4859 |
78,160 |
|
1,4860 |
78,199 |
|
1,4861 |
78,238 |
|
1,4862 |
78,276 |
|
1,4863 |
78,315 |
|
1,4864 |
78,353 |
|
1,4865 |
78,392 |
|
1,4866 |
78,431 |
|
1,4867 |
78,469 |
|
1,4868 |
78,508 |
|
1,4869 |
78,546 |
|
1,4870 |
78,585 |
|
1,4871 |
78,623 |
|
1,4872 |
78,662 |
|
1,4873 |
78,700 |
|
1,4874 |
78,739 |
|
1,4875 |
78,777 |
|
1,4876 |
78,816 |
|
1,4877 |
78,854 |
|
1,4878 |
78,892 |
|
1,4879 |
78,931 |
|
1,4880 |
78,969 |
|
1,4881 |
79,008 |
|
1,4882 |
79,046 |
|
1,4883 |
79,084 |
|
1,4884 |
79,123 |
|
1,4885 |
79,161 |
|
1,4886 |
79,199 |
|
1,4887 |
79,238 |
|
1,4888 |
79,276 |
|
1,4889 |
79,314 |
|
1,4890 |
79,353 |
|
1,4891 |
79,391 |
|
1,4892 |
79,429 |
|
1,4893 |
79,468 |
|
1,4894 |
79,506 |
|
1,4895 |
79,544 |
|
1,4896 |
79,582 |
|
1,4897 |
79,620 |
|
1,4898 |
79,659 |
|
1,4899 |
79,697 |
|
1,4900 |
79,735 |
|
1,4901 |
79,773 |
|
1,4902 |
79,811 |
|
1,4903 |
79,850 |
|
1,4904 |
79,888 |
|
1,4905 |
79,926 |
|
1,4906 |
79,964 |
|
1,4907 |
80,002 |
|
1,4908 |
80,040 |
|
1,4909 |
80,078 |
|
1,4910 |
80,116 |
|
1,4911 |
80,154 |
|
1,4912 |
80,192 |
|
1,4913 |
80,231 |
|
1,4914 |
80,269 |
|
1,4915 |
80,307 |
|
1,4916 |
80,345 |
|
1,4917 |
80,383 |
|
1,4918 |
80,421 |
|
1,4919 |
80,459 |
|
1,4920 |
80,497 |
|
1,4921 |
80,534 |
|
1,4922 |
80,572 |
|
1,4923 |
80,610 |
|
1,4924 |
80,648 |
|
1,4925 |
80,686 |
|
1,4926 |
80,724 |
|
1,4927 |
80,762 |
|
1,4928 |
80,800 |
|
1,4929 |
80,838 |
|
1,4930 |
80,876 |
|
1,4931 |
80,913 |
|
1,4932 |
80,951 |
|
1,4933 |
80,989 |
|
1,4934 |
81,027 |
|
1,4935 |
81,065 |
|
1,4936 |
81,103 |
|
1,4937 |
81,140 |
|
1,4938 |
81,178 |
|
1,4939 |
81,216 |
|
1,4940 |
81,254 |
|
1,4941 |
81,291 |
|
1,4942 |
81,329 |
|
1,4943 |
81,367 |
|
1,4944 |
81,405 |
|
1,4945 |
81,442 |
|
1,4946 |
81,480 |
|
1,4947 |
81,518 |
|
1,4948 |
81,555 |
|
1,4949 |
81,593 |
|
1,4950 |
81,631 |
|
1,4951 |
81,668 |
|
1,4952 |
81,706 |
|
1,4953 |
81,744 |
|
1,4954 |
81,781 |
|
1,4955 |
81,819 |
|
1,4956 |
81,856 |
|
1,4957 |
81,894 |
|
1,4958 |
81,932 |
|
1,4959 |
81,969 |
|
1,4960 |
82,007 |
|
1,4961 |
82,044 |
|
1,4962 |
82,082 |
|
1,4963 |
82,119 |
|
1,4964 |
82,157 |
|
1,4965 |
82,194 |
|
1,4966 |
82,232 |
|
1,4967 |
82,269 |
|
1,4968 |
82,307 |
|
1,4969 |
82,344 |
|
1,4970 |
82,381 |
|
1,4971 |
82,419 |
|
1,4972 |
82,456 |
|
1,4973 |
82,494 |
|
1,4974 |
87,531 |
|
1,4975 |
82,569 |
|
1,9976 |
82,606 |
|
1,4977 |
82,643 |
|
1,4978 |
82,681 |
|
1,4979 |
82,718 |
|
1,4980 |
82,755 |
|
1,4981 |
82,793 |
|
1,4982 |
82,830 |
|
1,4983 |
82,867 |
|
1,4984 |
82,905 |
|
1,4985 |
82,942 |
|
1,4986 |
82,979 |
|
1,4987 |
83,016 |
|
1,4988 |
83,054 |
|
1,4989 |
83,091 |
|
14990 |
83,128 |
|
1,4991 |
83,165 |
|
1,4992 |
83,202 |
|
1,4993 |
83,240 |
|
1,4994 |
83,277 |
|
1,4995 |
83,314 |
|
1,4996 |
83,351 |
|
1,4997 |
83,388 |
|
1,4998 |
83,425 |
|
14999 |
83,463 |
|
1,5000 |
83,500 |
|
1,5001 |
83,537 |
|
1,5002 |
83,574 |
|
1,5003 |
83,611 |
|
1,5004 |
83,648 |
|
1,5005 |
83,685 |
|
1,5006 |
83,722 |
|
1,5007 |
83,759 |
|
1,5008 |
83,796 |
|
1,5009 |
83,833 |
|
1,5010 |
83,870 |
|
1,5011 |
83,907 |
|
1,5012 |
83,944 |
|
1,5013 |
83,981 |
|
1,5014 |
84,018 |
|
1,5015 |
84,055 |
|
1,5016 |
84,092 |
|
1,5017 |
84,129 |
|
1,5018 |
84,166 |
|
1,5019 |
84,203 |
|
1,5020 |
84,240 |
|
1,5021 |
84,277 |
|
1,5022 |
84,314 |
|
1,5023 |
84,351 |
|
1,5024 |
84,388 |
|
1,5025 |
84,424 |
|
1,5026 |
84,461 |
|
1,5027 |
84,498 |
|
1,5028 |
84,535 |
|
1,5029 |
84,572 |
|
1,5030 |
84,609 |
|
1,5031 |
84,645 |
|
1 5032 |
84,682 |
|
1,5033 |
84,719 |
|
1,5034 |
84,756 |
|
1,5035 |
84,792 |
|
1,5036 |
84,829 |
|
1,5037 |
84,866 |
|
1,5038 |
84,903 |
|
1,5039 |
84,939 |
|
1,5040 |
84,976 |
|
1,5041 |
85,013 |
|
1,5042 |
85,049 |
|
1,5043 |
85,086 |
|
1,5044 |
85,123 |
|
1,5045 |
85,159 |
|
1,5046 |
85,196 |
|
1,5047 |
85,233 |
|
1,5048 |
85,269 |
|
1,5049 |
85,306 |
|
1,5050 |
85,343 |
|
1,5051 |
85,379 |
|
1,5052 |
85,416 |
|
1,5053 |
85,452 |
|
1,5054 |
85,489 |
|
1,5055 |
85,525 |
|
1,5056 |
85,562 |
|
1,5057 |
85,598 |
|
1,5058 |
85,635 |
|
1,5059 |
85,672 |
|
1,5060 |
85,708 |
|
1,5061 |
85,744 |
|
1,5062 |
85,781 |
|
1,5063 |
85,817 |
|
1,5064 |
85,854 |
|
1,5065 |
85,890 |
|
1,5066 |
85,927 |
|
1,5067 |
85,963 |
|
1,5068 |
86,000 |
|
1,5069 |
86,036 |
|
1,5070 |
86,072 |
|
1,5071 |
86,109 |
|
1,5072 |
86,145 |
|
1,5073 |
86,182 |
|
1,5074 |
86,218 |
|
1,5075 |
86,254 |
|
1,5076 |
86,291 |
|
1,5077 |
86,327 |
|
1,5078 |
86,363 |
|
1,5079 |
86,399 |
[1] Xxxxxxx x x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx vypočteny xxxxxx xxxxxxx, jejímž xxxxxxx xxx XXXXXX xx K. Xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx x výpočty xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx X. Xxxxxxxxxxx x XXXX a xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx x Xxxxx X. 33, 15-22 (červen 1970). Xxxxx lomu xxx xxxxx xxx 20 °X xxxxxx X xxxx Xx. Xxxx (xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx sacharosy) xxx získán xxxxxxx xxx 20 °C xx vzduchu xxx xxxxx 760 xxxxx (xx Xx) x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx předchozí (47&xxxx;012, xxxxxx 11) xxxxxxxxxxxx x Xxxxxx. Xxxxx X. 39, 22 (1937).
XXXXXX 4
STANOVENÍ REDUKUJÍCÍCH XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX JAKO XXXXXXXX CUKRY
(Metoda xxxxx xxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx)
1. Xxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx slouží xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx cukrů xxxxxxxxxxx jako xxxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxx xxxxxxxxx
2. Xxxxxxxx
„Xxxxxxxxxx cukry xxxxxxxxx jako xxxxxxxx xxxx“: xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx stanovený xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
3. Podstata xxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxx x obsahem xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx se xxxxxxx xxx redukci xxxxxxx komplexu mědi XX. Xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx se xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx (se xxxxxx xxxxxx), xxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx sodného (se xxxxxx xxxxxx).
4. Reakční xxxxxxx
4.1 Xxxxxx Xx XX (Mullerův roztok)
4.1.1 Xx 400 xx xxxxxx xxxx se xxxxxxxx 35 g xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx (XxXX4 5X2X) x xxxxx se xxxxxxxxxxx.
4.1.2 X 500 xx xxxxxx xxxx se xxxxxxxx 173 g xxxxxx sodnodraselného tetrahydrátu (Xxxxxxxxxx xxxx Xxxxxxxxxxx xxx, XXxX4X4X6,4X2X) x 68 x bezvodého xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxx se xxxxxxxxxxx.
4.1.3 Xxx xxxxxxx (4.1.1 x 4.1.2) se xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx baňky a xxxxxx xx xxxxx xx 1 xxxxx. Xx xxxxxxx 2 x aktivního uhlí xx xxxxx protřepe, xxxxx xx několik xxxxx xxxx a xxxx xx přefiltruje xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx.
Xxxxx xx v xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx roztoku objeví xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx, xx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx.
4.2 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxxxx 5 mol/l.
4.3 Xxxxxx xxxx, 0,01665 mol/l (0,0333X; 4,2258 g/l).
4.4 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxx 0,0333 mol/l.
4.5 Xxxxxx xxxxxx: do xxxxx xxxxxx vody xx xxxxxxx xxxx 5 x xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xx 30 xx xxxx, xxxxxx se 3 xxxxxx x nechá xxxxxxxxxxx. X xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx 10 xx jodidu xxxxxxxxxx jako xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
5. Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx
5.1 Erlenmeyerova baňka, 300 xx; xxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxx.
5.2 Xxxxx xxxxx, vroucí.
6. Xxxxxx
6.1 Xx 300 xx Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx (10 x xxxx méně), který xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx 30 xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx, x rozpustí xx xxxxxxxxx ve 100 ml xxxx.
Xx xxxxx s xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx odpipetuje 10 xx roztoku Xx II (4.1), xxxxx se xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx zamíchá x xxxxx xx xxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx (5.2) na xxxx xxxxxx 10 xxxxx.
Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx x Xxxxxxxxxxxxx baňce xxxx xxx xxxxxxx 20 xx xxx úrovní xxxxxxx xx vodní xxxxx. Baňka xx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx, přičemž xx xxxxxx nesmí xxxxxxxxxxx, aby xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx oxidu xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxx protřepávání xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx 5 ml xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx (4.2) x xxxxxxxxxxx 5 mol/l x xxxxx xxxx se xxxxxxx přidá xxxxxxxx (20 xx 40 xx) xxxxxxx jódu (4.3) x xxxxxxxxxxx 0,016 65 mol/l.
Sraženina xxxx se xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxx se xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (4.4) x xxxxxxxxxxx 0,0333 xxx/x xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx škrobu (4.5) xxxx xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxx se přidává xx konci titrace.
6.2 X xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx, xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx Cu XX (4.4). Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx nepřekročí 0,1 xx.
6.3 S xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxxx provede xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx po xxxx 10 xxxxx, xxx mohlo xxxxx x reakci xxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx redukujících xxxxx, xxxx je xxxxxxxxx xxxx siřičitý.
7. Xxxxxxxxx výsledků
7.1 Xxxxxx x xxxxxx výpočtu
Objem xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx jódu xx xxxxx xxxxxx (xx) xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx jódu (0,016 65 xxx/x) xxxxx xxxxx (ml) xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx sodného (0,0333 xxx/x) spotřebovaného xxx xxxxxxx.
Xxxxx (xx) xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx (0,016 65 xxx/x) se xxxxxx odečtením:
7.1.1 xxxxx xx spotřebovaných xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxx (6.2),
7.1.2 xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx roztokem za xxxxxx (6.3),
7.1.3 xxxxxx 2,0 ml xx xxxxxxx 10 x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx podílu xxxx úměrného xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx-xx xxxxxx xxxx xxx 10 x xxxxxxxxx (xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx).
Xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx spotřeba 1 ml jodového xxxxxxx (4.3) 1 xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx.
Xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx cukru v xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx:
xxx:
X1 = xxxxx ml xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (4.3) xx xxxxxxx,
x0 = xxxxxxxx použitého xxxxxx (x).
7.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx mezi xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx zároveň xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx x xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx za xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx větší xxx 0,02 x xx 100 x xxxxxx.
XXXXXX 5
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX CUKRŮ XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX INVERTNÍ XXXX
(Xxxxxx xxxxx Xxxxxxx x Xxxxxx)
1. Xxxxxxx x xxxxxx použití
Metoda xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx cukrů xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx
- x cukru xxxx x cukru xxxxx,
- x xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx.
2. Xxxxxxxx
„Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx“: obsah redukujících xxxxx stanovený popsanou xxxxxxx.
3. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
X xxxxxxx vzorku xx xxxxx x přebytku xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx Xx II, xxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx titrací s xxxxxxxx XXXX.
4. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
4.1 Kyselina xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (xxxxxxxxx xxx) (EDTA), xxxxxx 0,0025 mol/l: xxxxxxxx xx 0,930 x EDTA xx xxxx a xxxxxx xx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx litru.
4.2 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx: 0,25 x murexidu xx xxxxx do 50 xx vody a xxxxxx xx x 20 ml xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx 0,2 x/100 ml.
4.3 Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx činidlo: x 600 xx vody xxxxxxxxxx 40 xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx 1,0 xxx/x xx rozpustí 25 x bezvodého xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx a 25 x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx. Přibližně x 100 xx xxxx xx xxxxxxxx 6,0 x síranu xxxxxxxxx – pentahydrátu (CuSO4 5X2X), xxxxxxx roztok xx xxxxx k xxxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx: Xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx (xxxxx týden).
4.4 Standardní xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx: x xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx 250 xx se xxxxxxxx 23,750 x čisté xxxxxxxxx (4.5) xxx xx 120 xx xxxx. Přidá xx 9 ml kyseliny xxxxxxxxxxxxxx (C20 = 1,16) a nechá xx stát xxx xxxxxxxxxxx teplotě po xxxx 8 xxx. Xxxxxx se xxxxxx xx 250 xx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx zkontroluje xxxxxxx xx polarimetru nebo xxxxxxxxxxxx při xxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxx 200 mm. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xx xxxxxx 11,80 ± 0,05°X (xxx poznámka 8). 200 xx xxxxxx roztoku xx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx 2000 ml, xxxxx xx vodou x xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx (xxx nedošlo x xxxxxxxxxx místnímu zalkalizování xxxxxxx) xx xxxxx 71,4 xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (1 xxx/x), ve xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx 4 x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxxxx xx xxxxxx xx 2000 ml, xx. aby obsahoval 1 x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx 100 xx; xxxxxxx xX xxxxxxx xx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx 3.
Xxxxx xxxxx zásobní roztok xx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx použitím.
4.5 Xxxxx sacharosa: xxxxxx xxxxx sacharosy x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx cukru xxxxxxx 0,001 g/100 x.
5. Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx
5.1 Xxxxxxxx 150 x 20 xx.
5.2 Xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx.
5.3 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxx vážící x xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 xx.
6. Xxxxxx
6.1 Xx xxxxxxxx (5.1) xx xxxxxxxx 5 x xxxxxx xxxxx x 5 xx xxxxxxx vody, přidají xx 2,0 xx xxxxxxxxx činidla (4.3) x obsah xx xxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxx se xxxxxx do xxxxx x vroucí vodou xx dobu 5 xxxxx a xxxx xx xx studené xxxx xxxxxxx.
6.2 Xxxxxx xx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx, x použitím xx xxxxxxxxxx množství xxxx, xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx (5.2), xxxxxxx se xxx kapky indikátoru (4.2) a xxxxxxx xx roztokem EDTA (4.1). Xxxxxxxx spotřeba x ml se xxxxxx xxxx X0.
Xxxxx xxxx ukončením titrace xx barva roztoku xxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxx. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx v xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xx oxid xxxxxxx rychlost xxxxxxx xxxxxx na xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx zredukované mědi. Xxxxx je xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx.
6.3 Sestrojí xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx základě xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx množství invertního xxxxx (xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx 4.4) x 5 g xxxxx xxxxxxxxx (4.5) a xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx studené xxxx xxx, xxx xxxxxxx objem xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx činil 5 xx. Xxxxxxxx spotřeba (xx) xx vynese xx grafu proti xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx x 5 g xxxxxxxxx; xxxxxxxxx křivkou je xxxxxx v xxxxxxx 0,001 xx 0,019 x xx 100 x invertního cukru, xxxx. 100 x xxxxxx.
7. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
7.1 Xxxxxx xxxxxxx
X xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx se xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx (x procentech) odpovídající xxxxxxxx XXXX V0 xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx.
7.2 Pokud xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxx 0,017 g xxxxxxxxxx cukru xx 100 x xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx snížit xxxxxxxx xxxxxx v xxxx 6.1, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx musí xxxxxxx xx 5 x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx (4.5).
7.3 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx dvou xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx nebo xxxxxx xx sebou x xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx podmínek nesmí xxx větší xxx 0,005 x na 100 g xxxxxx.
8. Xxxxxxxx
Xxx xxxxxxx hodnoty xx °S xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx stupně xx xxxxxxx uvedená x °S xxxx 2,889 (polarimetrická xxxxxxx x xxxxx 200 xx; sodíková xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx; xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx, xx které xx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx kolem 20 °X).
XXXXXX 6
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXX EKVIVALENT
(Metoda xxxxx Xxxxx a Xxxxxxxx)
1. Xxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx
1.1 xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx bílém xxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
- v xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx cukru,
- x xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx;
1.2 obsahu xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx x vypočteného (xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx) xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
- ve xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx,
- v xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx;
1.3 xxxxxx redukujících xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx jako X-xxxxxxx
- x xxxxxxxx monohydrátu,
- x dextrose xxxxxxx.
2. Xxxxxxxx
„Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx vyjádřené xxxx invertní cukry, X-xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx ekvivalent": obsah xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx cukr, Xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
3. Xxxxxxxx metody
Vzorek x xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxx (a x xxxxxxx potřeby vyčeří) xx xxxxxxxxxxxx podmínek x xxxx varu x roztokem Xx XX, xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx redukuje na Xx X. Xxxxxxxx Xx XX se xxxx stanoví jodometricky.
4. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
4.1 Carrezův xxxxxx X: 21,95 x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx, (Xx(XX3XXX)22X2X) xxxx 24 x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, (Xx(XX3XXX)2-3X2X) xx xxxxx x xxxxxxxxx 3 ml xxxxxx kyseliny xxxxxx xxxxxxxx ve xxxx x xxxxxx xxxxx xx 100 ml.
4.2 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx II: 10,6 g xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx trihydrátu (K4[Fe(CN)6]-3H2O) xx rozpustí xx xxxx a doplní xxxxx do 100 xx.
4.3 Luffovo-Schoorlovo xxxxxxx: xxxxxxxx se xxxx xxxxxxx:
4.3.1 Roztok xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx: 25 x xxxxxx měďnatého xxxxxxxxxxxx (XxXX45X2X) xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xx 100 xx vody.
4.3.2 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxx citrónové: 50 x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx monohydrátu (X6X8X7-X2X) xx xxxxxxxx x 50 xx vody.
4.3.3 Xxxxxx uhličitanu xxxxxxx: 143,8 g xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx sodného xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx v 300 ml xxxxx xxxx x xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx.
4.3.4 X xxxxxxx uhličitanu xxxxxxx (4.3.3) v xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx kyseliny xxxxxxxxx (4.3.2). Obsah xx xxxxx, xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx, xxx se xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx (4.3.1) x vodou xx xxxxxx xx 1000 ml. Xxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx xxxx noc, v xxxxxxx potřeby se xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx molarity xxxxxxx činidla xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx v xxxx 6.1 (Cu 0,1 xxx/x; Na2CO3 1 mol/l).
4.4 Roztok xxxxxxxxxx, 0,1 xxx/x.
4.5 Xxxxxx xxxxxx: do xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxx 5 x xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx rozmíchaného xx 30 xx vody. Xxxxxx xx 3 xxxxxx a nechá xx vychladnout; xx-xx xxxxx, xxxxx xx 10 xx jodidu xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
4.6 Xxxxxxxx sírová, 3 xxx/x.
4.7 Xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, 30 % (x/X).
4.8 Xxxxxx xxxxx, xxxxxxxx v xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxx xxxxx do xxxxxxxx xxxxxx reakce x xxxxxxxx.
4.9 Xxxxxxxxxxx.
4.10 Xxxxxxxx xxxxx, 0,1 xxx/x.
4.11 Xxxxxxxx chlorovodíková, 0,1&xxxx;&xxxx;&xxxx; xxx/x.
4.12 Xxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (m/V) x xxxxxxxx.
5. Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx
5.1 Erlenmeyerova baňka, x xxxxxx 300 xx, xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx.
5.2 Xxxxxx.
6. Xxxxxx
6.1 Xxxxxxxxx titru Luffova-Schoorlova xxxxxxx (4.3):
6.1.1 Xx 25 xx Luffova-Schoorlova xxxxxxx (4.3) se xxxxxxx 3 g xxxxxx draselného a 25 xx kyseliny xxxxxx o xxxxxxxxxxx 3 xxx/x (4.6).
Xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx thiosíranu xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx 0,1 mol/l (4.4) xx použití škrobového xxxxxxx (4.5) jako xxxxxxxxxx, xxxxx xx xxxxx xx ke xxxxx titrace. Pokud xxxx xxxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxxxxxx o koncentraci 0,1 xxx/x xxxxx 25 xx, xxxx xxx xxxxxxx připraveno xxxxx.
6.1.2 Xxxxxxxxxx se 10 xx xxxxxxx xx 100xx odměrné xxxxx a po xxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxx.
10 xx takto xxxxxxxxx činidla se xxxxxxxxxx do Erlenmeyerovy xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx 25 xx xxxxxxxx chlorovodíkové x xxxxxxxxxxx 0,1 xxx/x (4.11) a xxxxxxx xx xx xxxx xxxxx hodiny xx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx. Xxx se xxxxxx ochladí, doplní xx xx původní xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx x titruje xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx sodného x koncentraci 0,1 xxx/x (4.10) xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx (4.12) xxxx xxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, 0,1 xxx/x (4.10) xxxx xxx xxxx 5,5 x 6,5 ml.
6.1.3 10 ml zředěného xxxxxxx (6.1.2) se xxxxxxx kyselinou chlorovodíkovou, 0,1 xxx/x (4.11) xx použití fenolftaleinu (4.12) xxxx xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ztrátou xxxxxxxxx zbarvení.
Spotřeba xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx, 0,1 xxx/x (4.11) xxxx xxx xxxx 6,0 x 7,5 ml.
6.1.4 Xxxxxxx xX Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx 9,3 x 9,4 při 20 °X.
6.2 Xxxxxxxx roztoku
6.2.1 Xxxxxx se 5 x vzorku x xxxxxxxxx xx 1 xx x kvantitativně xx převede do xxxxxxx xxxxx o xxxxxx 250 ml xxxxxxxxxx 200 ml xxxx. X xxxxxxx xxxxxxx se vyčeří xxxxxxxx 5 xx Xxxxxxxxx roztoku X (4.1), pak se xxxxx 5 xx Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx II (4.2). Po přídavku xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx zamíchá. Xxxxxx xx doplní xxxxx xx 250 xx x dobře xxxxxxxx. X xxxxxxx potřeby xx xxxxxx přefiltruje.
6.2.2 Xxxxxx (6.2.1) se xxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xx x 25 xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx 15 až 60 xx.
6.3 Xxxxxxx xxxxx Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xx 300 xx Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx (5.1) se xxxxxxxxxx 25 xx Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (4.3), xx baňky xx xxx pipetou xxxxxx 25 ml cukerného xxxxxxx (6.2.2) x xxxxx se dva xxxxxx xxxxx (4.8). X xxxxx (5.1) xx připojí zpětný xxxxxxx a xxxxxxxxx xx ihned umístí xx xxxxxxxx azbestovou xxxxx nad xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx. Xxxxx xx x azbestové xxxxx vyříznutý kruhový xxxxx o xxxxxx xxxxxxx, jako xx xxx xxxxx. Xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx uvede xx varu x xxxxx se přesně 10 xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx. Pak xx xxxxx ochladí xx xxxxxxx xxxx a xx pěti xxxxxxxx xx titruje xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx:
Xxxxx xx 10 ml roztoku xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx (4.7), xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxx opatrně (s xxxxxxx xx bouřlivý xxxxx plynu) 25 xx xxxxxxxx sírové x xxxxxxxxxxx 3 xxx/x (4.6). Xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx 0,1 xxx/x (4.4), xxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxx neodbarví, xxx xx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx (4.5) x xxxxxxxxx xx x xxxxxxx xx xx vymizení modrého xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxx x 25 xx xxxx xxxxx 25 ml cukerného xxxxxxx (6.2.2).
7. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
7.1 Xxxxxx a xxxxxx xxxxxxx
X níže xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx (případně se xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx) xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx invertního xxxxx x xx, xxxxxxxxxxxx rozdílu mezi xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx x ml xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x koncentraci 0,1 xxx/x.
Xxxxxxxx xx vyjádří x procentech (x/x) xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx X-xxxxxxx, vztažených xx xxxxxx.
7.2 Opakovatelnost
Rozdíl xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx stanovení xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx za xxxxx x xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx pracovníkem za xxxxxxxxx podmínek xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx 0,2 xx.
8. Xxxxxxxx
Xxxx xxxxxxxxxx kyselinou xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxx xxxx množství xxxxxxxxxxxx (4.9), aby se xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx.
Xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx Xxxxxxx – Schoorlovo činidlo
|
0,1 xxx/x Na2S2O3 |
Glukosa, fruktosa, xxxxxxxx xxxx X6X12X6 |
|
|
xx |
xx |
xxxxxx |
|
1 |
2,4 |
|
|
2 |
4,8 |
2,4 |
|
3 |
7,2 |
2,4 |
|
4 |
9,7 |
2,5 |
|
5 |
12,2 |
2,5 |
|
6 |
14,7 |
2,5 |
|
7 |
17,2 |
2,5 |
|
8 |
19,8 |
2,6 |
|
9 |
22,4 |
2,6 |
|
10 |
25,0 |
2,6 |
|
11 |
27,6 |
2,6 |
|
12 |
30,3 |
2,7 |
|
13 |
33,0 |
2,7 |
|
14 |
35,7 |
2,7 |
|
15 |
38,5 |
2,8 |
|
16 |
41,3 |
2,8 |
|
17 |
44,2 |
2,9 |
|
18 |
47,1 |
2,9 |
|
19 |
50,0 |
2,9 |
|
20 |
53,0 |
3,0 |
|
21 |
56,0 |
3,0 |
|
22 |
59,1 |
3,1 |
|
23 |
62,2 |
3,1 |
XXXXXX 7
XXXXXXXXX REDUKUJÍCÍCH XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX
(Xxxxxx podle Xxxxx x Xxxxxx – xxxxxxxxxx x konstantním xxxxxxx)
1. Xxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx slouží xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx vyjádřených xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx,
- v xxxxxxx xxxxx bílém,
- x tekutém invertním xxxxx,
- x tekutém xxxxx invertním xxxxx,
- x xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx cukru,
- x xxxxxx z invertního xxxxx xxxxxx.
2. Definice
"Redukující xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx cukr": xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx cukrů stanovený xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
3. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxx varu xxxxxx xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx methylenové xxxxx jako xxxxxxxxxx.
4. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
4.1 Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx:
4.1.1 Xxxxxx X:
69,3 x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx (CuSO4·5H2O) xx xxxxxxxx xx vodě x xxxxxx xx xx 1000 xx.
4.1.2 Xxxxxx X:
346,0 x xxxxxx sodnodraselného xxxxxxxxxxxx (XXxX4X4X6·4X2X) x 100 x hydroxidu sodného xx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx x doplní xx 1000 xx. Xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx, která se xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx:
Xxxx xxx xxxxxxx je xxxxx skladovat x xxxxxxx nebo jantarově xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
4.2 Roztok xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, 1 xxx/x.
4.3 Xxxxxxxxxx roztok xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx: 23,750 x čisté xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxx xx 120 ml xxxx xx 250xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx baňce, xxxxx xx 9 ml xxxxxxxx chlorovodíkové (xxxxxxx 1,16 g/ml) x xxxxx se stát xxx xxxxxxxxxxx teplotě xx dobu 8 xxx. Roztok xx xxxxxx do 250 xx a xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx zkontroluje xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx délky 200 mm. Odečtená xxxxxxx xx xx xxxxxx 11,80 ± 0,05 °X (xxx xxxxxxxx 8). 200 xx xxxxxx roztoku xx xxxxxxxxxx do 2000xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx, xxxxx se vodou x za xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx (aby nedošlo x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx) se xxxxx 71,4 ml xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx 1 xxx/x (4.2), xx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx 4 x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxxx xx xxxxxx xx 2000 xx, aby výsledný xxxxxx obsahoval 1 x invertního xxxxx xx 100 xx. Xxxxxxx xX xxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx 3.
Xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx roztok xx xx měl xxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx cukru o xxxxxxxxxxx 0,25 g/100 xx xx 250xx xxxxxxx xxxxx naplní xx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx o xxxxxxxxxxx 1 g/100 ml xxx 20 °C. Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx 1000 xx xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx xx xxx 20 °X xx xxxxx xxxxx.
4.4 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx, 1 x/100 xx.
5. Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx
5.1 Xxxxx xxxxx x xxxxx xxxxxx o xxxxxx 500 xx.
5.2 Xxxxxx o xxxxxx 50 ml, dělená xx 0,05 xx, x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
5.3 Xxxxxx x ryskami xx 20, 25 x 50 xx.
5.4 Xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx 250, 1000 x 2000 ml.
5.5 Xxxxxxxx x xxxxxx, xxxxxx pro xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x bodě 6.1 x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxx, xxxx xx se xxxxx xxxxx (5.1) xxxxxx přemístit xx xxxxxx xxxxx.
5.6 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x přesností xxxxxxx xx 1 xxxxxxx.
6. Xxxxxx
6.1 Stanovení xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
6.1.1 Xx čisté x xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx 50 ml xxxxxxx X (4.1.2), xxxx 50 xx xxxxxxx X (4.1.1) x dobře se xxxxxxxx.
6.1.2 Byreta se xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxx 0,25 % (0,25 x/100 xx) xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx invertního xxxxx (4.3).
6.1.3 Xx 500 xx xxxxx baňky (5.1) se odpipetuje xxxxxxxxx xxxxx 20 xx směsného xxxxxxx X x X (6.1.1) x xxxxxxx xx 15 xx xxxx. X xxxxxx xx xx baňky xxxxxx 39 ml xxxxxxx invertního xxxxx, xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxx se jemným xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
6.1.4 Xxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx k varu x nechá xx xxxxx přesně xxx xxxxxx. Xxxxx dalšího xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx ze xxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxx dojít x xxxxxxxxx varu.
Na xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxx tři xxxx xxxxx xxxxx roztoku xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx (4.4). Xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx modrá.
6.1.5 Xxxxxxxxx xx x xxxxxxxxx standardního roztoku xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xx 0,2 ml, xxx xx 0,1 xx x nakonec xx xxxxxxx, až se xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx. Xxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx methylenové xxxxx. Xxxxx roztoku je xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx přítomnosti xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx.
6.1.6 Xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx do xxx xxxxx od xxxxxxx xxxx roztoku. Konečná xxxxxxxx X0 se xxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx 39,0 xx 41,0 xx. Xx-xx xxxxxxx X0 xxxx xxxxxxx tohoto rozmezí, xxxxxx se xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xx Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx X (4.1.1) x stanovení xxxxx xx opakuje.
6.2 Příprava xxxxxxx vzorku
Koncentrace xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx vzorku xx xx pohybovat v xxxxxxx 250 xx 400 mg xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx 100 xx.
6.3 Orientační xxxxxxx
6.3.1 Xx xxxxx provést xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx potřebného xxxxxxxx xxxx k 20 xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx X x B, xxxxx xxxxxxx, xx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx činit 75 xx.
Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx x xxxx 6.1.4, xxxxx místo standardního xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx, xx. xx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx 25 ml xxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxxx xx 15 xx xxxx, nechá xx 2 xxxxxx xxxxxxx x roztok xx xxx titruje xx xx dosažení xxxxxxxxx xxxx, jak xx xxxxxxx v xxxx 6.1.5.
6.3.2 Pokud po xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx načervenalé xxxxxxxx, xx použitý xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx. X tomto xxxxxxx xx zkouška xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxx koncentrací xxxxxxx xxxxxx.
Xx-xx k xxxxxxxx načervenalého zbarvení xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx 50 ml xxxxxxx xxxxxx, musí xx xxxxxx xxxxxx vzorku x xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx xxxx, xxxxx xx xx xxxxxx, se xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (20 ml) x xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx 75 xx.
6.4 Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx
6.4.1 Xx xxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx 20 ml směsného Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx a xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx 6.3.
6.4.2 X byrety xx xxxxxx roztok vzorku x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx 6.3, xxxxxxxx x 1 xx. Xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxx se xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx promíchá, xxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx (6.3). Konečného xxxx xxxxxxx musí xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xx přidání xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx modři. Spotřeba xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx V1.
7. Xxxxxxxxx výsledků
7.1 Vzorec x postup výpočtu
Obsah xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxx vyjádřený xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxxx podle xxxxxx:
xxx:
X = xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (x/100 xx),
X0 = xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx (xx) xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
X1 = xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (ml) xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx (6.4.2),
x = xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx koncentraci xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx v xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx vzorku; hodnoty xxxx xxxxxxx v xxxx xxxxxxx tabulce:
|
Sacharosa (x ve xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx) |
Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx x |
|
0,0 |
1,000 |
|
0,5 |
0,982 |
|
1,0 |
0,971 |
|
1,5 |
0,962 |
|
2,0 |
0,954 |
|
2,5 |
0,946 |
|
3,0 |
0,939 |
|
3,5 |
0,932 |
|
4,0 |
0,926 |
|
4,5 |
0,920 |
|
5,0 |
0,915 |
|
5,5 |
0,910 |
|
6,0 |
0,904 |
|
6,5 |
0,898 |
|
7,0 |
0,893 |
|
7,5 |
0,888 |
|
8,0 |
0,883 |
|
8,5 |
0,878 |
|
9,0 |
0,874 |
|
9,5 |
0,869 |
|
10,0 |
0,864 |
Xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x roztoku xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx z xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx:
Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx pevných látek x invertního xxxxx (xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxx 1,0) xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx sacharosa x xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxx 3 xxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
7.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx x xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx za xxxxxxxxx podmínek xxxxx xxx větší xxx 1,0 % jejich xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
8. Poznámka
Při xxxxxxx hodnoty ve °X na xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx x jednotkách °S xxxx xxxxxxxx 2,889 (xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx o xxxxx 200 mm; xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx zdroj; xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx, xx které xx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx 20 °X).
XXXXXX 8
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX EKVIVALENTU
(Metoda xxxxx Xxxxx x Xxxxxx s xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx)
1. Xxxxxxx x xxxxxx použití
Tato metoda xxxxxx xx stanovení xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx
- xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx sirupu,
- x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx,
- x dextrose xxxxxxx.
2. Xxxxxxxx
2.1 "Xxxxxxxx síla": xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx cukrů xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx metodou, xxxxxxxxx xxxx bezvodá xxxxxxxx (X-xxxxxxx) x xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx vzorku.
2.2 "Dextrosový xxxxxxxxxx": redukční xxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx sušiny xxxxxx.
3. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx za xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx bodu xxxx xxxxxx objem xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx roztoku x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx jako xxxxxxxxxx.
4. Xxxxxxx činidla
4.1 Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx:
4.1.1 Xxxxxx X:
Xx xxxx se xxxxxxxx 69,3 x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx (CuSO4·5H2O) x x odměrné xxxxx o objemu 1000 xx se xxxxxx po xxxxx.
4.1.2 Xxxxxx B:
Ve vodě xx xxxxxxxx 346,0 x vinanu sodno-draselného xxxxxxxxxxxx (XXxX4X4X6·4X2X) a 100 x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x x xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx 1000 ml xxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxx. Čirý xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx usazeniny, xxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx:
Xxxx dva xxxxxxx (4.1.1 a 4.1.2) xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
4.1.3 Xxxxxxxx směsného Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xx xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx 50 xx xxxxxxx X (4.1.2) x xxxx 50 ml roztoku X (4.1.1) a xxxxx se xxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx:
Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx roztok xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx, xxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x standardizovaný (6.1).
4.2 Xxxxxxx dextrosa (X-xxxxxxx) (X6X12X6)
Xxxxx materiál xx xxxxx před xxxxxxxx 4 hodiny sušit xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx 100 ± 1 °C xxxx xxxxx x xxx xxxxx xxx 10 kPa (103 xxxx).
4.3 Xxxxxxxxxx roztok xxxxxxxx, 0,600 x/100 xx
X přesností xx 0,1 xx xx xxxxxx 0,6 x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (4.2), xxxxxxxx xx ve xxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx odměrné xxxxx x xxxxxx 100 xx (5.4), xxxxxx xxxxx xx rysku x xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xxxxxx xx nutno xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx každý xxx, xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx.
4.4 Roztok xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx, 0,1 x/100 xx xxxx
Xxxxxxxx xx 0,1 x methylenové xxxxx ve 100 xx xxxx.
5. Přístroje x xxxxxxx
5.1 Xxxxx xxxxx s xxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxx 250 ml.
5.2 Byreta x xxxxxx 50 xx, x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx a dělená xx 0,05 ml.
5.3 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx 25 ml x 50 xx.
5.4 Xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx 100 x 500 xx.
5.5 Xxxxxxxx x ohřevu, vhodné xxx udržování xxxx x xxxxxxx s xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxx 6.1 a xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx barevnou xxxxx v xxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx (5.1) xx xxxxxx xxxxx (viz bod 6.1 poznámka 3).
5.6 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx s xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx 1 xxxxxxx.
6. Xxxxxx
6.1 Xxxxxxxxxxxxx Fehlingova roztoku
6.1.1 Xx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx (5.1) xx odpipetuje 25 xx Fehlingova xxxxxxx (4.1.3).
6.1.2 Xxxxxx (5.2) xx xxxxxx standardním xxxxxxxx dextrosy (4.3) x xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx.
6.1.3 Xx xxxxx xxxxx (5.1) xx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx 18 xx standardního xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (4.3) x xxxxx se xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
6.1.4 Xxxxx baňka xx xxxxxx na xxxxxxxx x xxxxxx (5.5), xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx, xxx xxx xxxxxx xx 120 ± 15 xxxxxx.
X celém xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx jinak (xxx poznámka 1).
6.1.5 Xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxx vařit, xxxxxx xx xxxxxx xx xxxx.
6.1.6 Obsah xxxxx xx xxxxxx 120 xxxxxx (xxxxx stopek).
Ke xxxxx se xxxxx 1 xx roztoku xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx (4.4).
6.1.7 Xx 120 xxxxxxxxx (xxxxx xxxxxx) od xxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxx x xxxxxx (6.1.2) do varné xxxxx (5.1) xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx 0,5ml xxxxxxx, xxxxx se methylenová xxxx xxxxxxxxx (viz xxxxxxxx 2 a 3).
Xxxxxxxxx se celkový xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx dextrosy (X xx) xxxxxx předposlední 0,5xx xxxxx.
6.1.8 Xxxxx x xxxxxx 6.1.1 x 6.1.2 xx xxxxxxxx.
6.1.9 X xxxxxx xx xx xxxxx xxxxx (5.1) xxxxxxx (X 0,3) ml xxxxxxxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxxxx.
6.1.10 Xxxxx v xxxxxx 6.1.4, 6.1.5 a 6.1.6 xx xxxxxxxx.
6.1.11 Xx 120 xxxxxxxxx (xxxxx xxxxxx) xx xxxxxxx varu se xxxxx x xxxxxx xx varné xxxxx (5.1) xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xx 0,2ml xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx po xxxxxxx, xxxxx se xxxxxxxxxxx modř právě xxxxxxxxx.
Xx xxxxx tohoto xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx xxxx dvěma xx sobě xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 10 až 15 sekund.
Toto přidávání xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx 60 sekund x xxxxxxx doba xxxx xxxx nesmí xxxxxxxxx 180 xxxxxx.
X xxxxxx účelu xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx provést xxxxx titraci x xxxxxxx xxxxx, xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx dextrosy (6.1.9).
6.1.12 Zaznamená xx xxxxxxx spotřeba (X0 xx) standardního xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (xxx xxxxxxxx 4).
6.1.13 Xxxxxxx X0 xxxx xxx v xxxxxxx 19,0 xx 21,0 xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (4.3).
Xxxxx xx xxxxxxx X0 xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx rozmezí, xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx Fehlingova xxxxxxx X (4.1.1) x xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx.
6.1.14 Vzhledem k xxxx, xx xxxxxxx X0 je xxxxxx xxxxx, xx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx jednu titraci x xxxxxxxxxx přídavkem xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx X0 – 0,5.
Xxxxxxxx 1:
Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx, xx xxxxxxx nastane xxx, vyvíjení xxxx xx xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx celé xxxxxxxx procedury x x co největší xxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx baňky a xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx oxidaci xxxxxx obsahu.
Poznámka 2:
Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx modři xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx vrstvách xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx x x xxxxxxx xxxxxxx, tj. x xxxxxxx, xxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx oxid xxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxx xx snadněji xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx. Je xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx za xxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx 3:
Xxxxxx xx xxxx být xxxxx stanovení co xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx tepla.
Poznámka 4:
Xxxxxxxx x xxxx, xx xxxxx zcela vyloučit xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx, musí xxxxx xxxxxxxxx provádět xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx a xxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxx vlastní hodnotu X0 (7.1).
6.2 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx připraveného vzorku
6.2.1 Xxxxx není xxxxx xxxxxxxxx hodnota xxxxxxxx xxxx (2.1) xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx, je xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx přibližná hodnota, x mohla xxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx vzorku (6.3).
Xxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx:
6.2.2 Připraví se X % (m/V) xxxxxx xxxxxx, "Z" xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
6.2.3 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx x bodě 6.1.2 x xxxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxx (6.2.2) xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
6.2.4 Xxxxxxxxx se xxxx x bodě 6.1.1.
6.2.5 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx x xxxx 6.1.3 x použitím 10 xx roztoku vzorku xxxxxxx 18,0 xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx dextrosy.
6.2.6 Xxxxxxxxx xx jako x xxxx 6.1.4.
6.2.7 Xxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx x varu. Xxxxx xx 1 xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx (4.4).
6.2.8 Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx, xxxxxx xx xxxxxx (5.6) xx nuly x xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx x byrety xx xxxxx po 1,0 xx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxx 10 xxxxxx, x xx xx xx xxxxxxxxx methylenové xxxxx.
Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxxxx (X ml) xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx 0,5 ml xxxxx.
6.2.9 Xxxxxxx "X" xxxxx přesáhnout 50 xx. Pokud k xxxx dojde, xx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx.
6.2.10 Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx síly xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx dána xxxxxxx (x %):
6.3 Zkušební xxxxxx
X přesností xx 0,1 xx xx xxxxxx xxxxxx množství xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (xx), xxxxx xxxxxxxx 2,85 xx 3,15 x xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx vyjádřených xxxx bezvodá dextrosa (Xxxxxxxx). Xxx výpočtu xx použije xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx (2.1), xxxx xxxxxxxxx hodnota xxxxxxx x xxxx 6.2.10.
6.4 Zkušební xxxxxx
Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx x xxxxxxx xxxxx o xxxxxx 500 ml xxxxxxxx xx xxxx x xxxxx xxxxxx xx rysku.
6.5 Xxxxxxxxx
6.5.1 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx x bodě 6.1.1.
6.5.2 Xxxxxx (5.2) se xxxxxx zkušební roztokem (6.4) a xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxx.
6.5.3 Z xxxxxx xx do xxxxx xxxxx napustí 18,5 xx roztoku xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Vířením xx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx.
6.5.4 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx x xxxx 6.1.4.
6.5.5 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx x xxxx 6.1.5.
6.5.6 Xxxxxxxxx se xxxx x xxxx 6.1.6.
6.5.7 Xxxxxxxxx se jako x xxxx 6.1.7, x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx namísto standardního xxxxxxx dextrosy.
6.5.8 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx v xxxx 6.1.8.
6.5.9 Postupuje xx xxxx x xxxx 6.1.9, x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
6.5.10 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx v xxxx 6.1.10.
6.5.11 Postupuje xx xxxx x xxxx 6.1.11, x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx roztoku namísto xxxxxxxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxxxx.
6.5.12 Xxxxxxxxx se objem (X1) spotřebovaného xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
6.5.13 Xxxxxxx X1 xxxx xxx x xxxxxxx 19,0 xx 21,0 xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
Xxxxx se xxxxxxx X1 xxxxxxx mimo xxxx xxxxxxx, upraví xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxx 6.5.1 xx 6.5.12 xx xxxxxxxx.
6.5.14 Xxxxxxxx xx xxx stanovení x xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
6.6 Xxxxx xxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxx 2 xx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
7. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
7.1 Vzorce x postup výpočtu
7.1.1 Xxxxxxxx xxxx
Xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx v xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx vzorku xx dána xxxxxxx:
xxx
X0 = xxxxx (ml) xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx dextrosy (4.3) spotřebovaný xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (6.1),
X1 = objem (xx) xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (6.4) xxxxxxxxxxxxxx při xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx (6.5),
X = xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (g) (6.3) xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx 500 ml xxxxxxxxxx roztoku.
7.1.2 Dextrosový xxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx vypočtený x procentech xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx vzorku xx xxx výrazem:
kde
RP = xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx v xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx připraveného xxxxxx (7.1.1),
X = obsah xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx.
7.1.3 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx výsledků xxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx, xx xx splněn xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx (7.2).
7.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx dvou xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx x xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx větší xxx 1,0 % xxxxxx aritmetického xxxxxxx.
XXXXXX 9
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX
1. Xxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxx ke xxxxxxxxx obsahu xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx
- xx škrobovém xxxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx,
- x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx,
- v xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
2. Xxxxxxxx
"Xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx popela": xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
3. Podstata xxxxxx
Xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx vzorku x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx 525 °X xx xxxxxxxxxxx kyseliny xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xx vyjádřena x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
4. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
4.1 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxxxxx xxxxxx: xxxxxx x opatrně xx xxxxxxx 100 xx xxxxxxxxxxxxx kyseliny xxxxxx (hustota xxx 20 °X = 1,84 x/xx; 96 % x/x) xx 300 ml xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx míchání x xxxxxxxx.
5. Xxxxxxxxx x pomůcky
5.1 Elektrická xxxxxxx pec, xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx x umožňující xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx 525 ± 25 °X.
5.2 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxx, xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 mg.
5.3 Xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx, platinový xx xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
5.4 Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx s xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
6. Xxxxxx
Xxxxxxx (5.3) se xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, ponechá xx x xxxxxxxxxx vychladnout x zváží xx. Xx xxxxxxx se xxxxxx (xx 0,1 xx) xxxxxx 5 x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx sušeného škrobového xxxxxx, xxxxxxxx 10 x dextrosy monohydrátu xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xx 5 ml xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx (4.1) (viz xxxxxxxx 8.1) x xxxxxx xx x kelímku xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx nebo xx xxxxx xxxxxxxx tak xxxxxx, xxxxx zcela xxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxx odhořívají výpary xx vzorku (xxx xxxxxxxx 8.2), xx xxxx provádět v xxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxx (5.3) xx xxxxxx do xxxxxxx xxxx (5.1), xxxxxxxxxx xx 525 ± 25 °X, x xxxxxxx xx x xx, dokud nevznikne xxxx popel. To xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxx (xxx xxxxxxxx 8.3).
Xxxxxx se xxxxx xxx 30 xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx v xxxxxxxxxx (5.4) x xxxx xx xxxxx.
7. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
7.1 Xxxxxx x xxxxxx výpočtu
Obsah xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx vyjádřený x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx vzorku xxxxxxxx x analýze xx xxx vzorcem:
kde
m1 = hmotnost xxxxxx (x),
x0 = xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx zkušebního vzorku (x).
7.2 Opakovatelnost
Rozdíl xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx stanovení xxxxxxxxxxx zároveň xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx x téhož vzorku xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx za xxxxxxxxx podmínek nesmí xxx xxxxx než 2,0 % xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
8. Xxxxxxxx
8.1 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx se xxxxxxx xx malých xxxxxxx, xxx xx xxxxxxxxx přílišnému pěnění.
8.2 Xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx obezřetně, aby xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx bobtnání xxxxxx.
8.3 Xxxxx je xxxxxxx dosáhnout xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx (xx. zůstávají xxxxx částice), kelímek xx třeba x xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxx po xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx kapkami xxxx x xxxx xxxxxx do xxxx.
XXXXXX 10
XXXXXXXXX POLARIZACE
1. Xxxxxxx x xxxxxx použití
Metoda xxxxxx ke xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
- v cukru xxxxxxxxx,
- v xxxxx xxxx v cukru xxxxx,
- x cukru xxxxx xxxxx.
2. Xxxxxxxx
Xxxxxxxxxx xx rozumí xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx 26 x xxxxx xx 100 xx, xxxxx xx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx x xxxxx 200 mm, xxxxxx rovinu polarizovaného xxxxxx.
3. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx pomocí xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx.
4. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
4.1 Xxxxxx xxxxxxx: xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx.
Xx xxx 1000 ml xxxxxxx převařené vody xx xxxxx 560 x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx. Směs xx 30 minut xxxx x poté xx nechá xxxx xxxx xxx.
Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx dekantuje x xxxxx xxxxxxx převařenou xxxxx tak, aby xxxxxx xxxxxx o xxxxxxx 1,25 g/ml (xxx 20 °X).
Xxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
4.2 Diethylether
5. Přístroje x xxxxxxx
5.1 Xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 26 g xxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx polarimetr
Tento xxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxx v xxxxxxxxx, xx xxxxx xx xxxxx udržovat teplotu xxxxx 20 °X. Xxxxxxxx xx okalibruje xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx křemenných xxxxx.
5.2 Světelný xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
5.3 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxx 200 xx x xxxxxxxxx ± 0,02 xx.
5.4 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxx, xxxxxx x přesností xx 0,1 xx.
5.5 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx x objemu 100 xx xx xxxxxxx. Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx objemem v xxxxxxx 100,00 ± 0,01 xx xxxxx xxx použity xxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxx uvedené xxxxxxx xxxxx být xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxxxxx korekcí xx 100 ml.
5.6 Vodní xxxxx xxxxxx termostatem, xxxxxxxxx na 20 ± 0,1 °C.
6. Xxxxxx
6.1 Xxxxxxxx roztoku
Co xxxxxxxxxxx se xxxxxx 26 ± 0,002 x vzorku x xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx odměrné xxxxx x objemu 100 xx (5.5) xxxxxxxxxx xxx 60 ml xxxx.
Xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, nikoli však xxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxx xx 0,5 xx xxxxxxx octanu xxxxxxxxxx (4.1).
Xxxxxx se xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx baňky x xxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx tak xxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx asi 10 xx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx.
Xxxxx se umístí xx xxxxx xxxxx (5.6) udržovanou při 20 ± 0,1 °X a xxxxxxx xx xxx tak xxxxxx, dokud xx xxxxxxx cukerného xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx (4.2).
Xxxxxx se xxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxx.
Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx x řádně xx xxxxxxxx alespoň trojnásobným xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx.
Xxxxx xx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxx.
6.2 Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
Xx xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx 20 ± 0,1 °X.
6.2.1 Xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx nulu.
6.2.2 Xxxxxx xx přefiltruje xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx. Xxxxxxx 10 xx xxxxxxxx se nepoužije. Xxxx xx xx xxxxxxx 50 xx xxxxxxxx.
6.2.3 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx dvojnásobným xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx k xxxxxxx (6.2.2).
6.2.4 Xxxxxxx se xxx xxxxxxx 20 ± 0,1 °X xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx určeného k xxxxxxx.
Xxx zasouvání uzavírací xxxxxxxx xx odstraní xxxxxxx vzduchové xxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx se xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx.
6.2.5 Odečte se xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xx 0,05°X nebo 0,02 xxxxxxxx xxxxxx. Xxxxx se zopakuje xxxxx xxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx xx průměr z xxxxxx pěti měření.
7. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
7.1 Xxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx X s xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1°X. Xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxx X xx xxxxxxx xxxxx vzorec:
S = xxxxxx stupeň × 2,889
7.2 Opakovatelnost
Rozdíl mezi xxxxxxxx dvou xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx sebou x xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx pracovníkem xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx 0,1°X, xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx stanovení je xxxxxxxx x pěti xxxxxx.