Xxxxx xxxxxxxx Xxxxxx
xx xxx 26. xxxxxxxx 1979,
xxxxxx se xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx metody Xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx některých xxxxx xxxxxxxx k xxxxxx xxxxxxxx
(79/796/XXX)
XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX,
x xxxxxxx na Xxxxxxx o založení Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx,
x xxxxxxx xx směrnici Xxxx 73/437/XXX xx xxx 11. xxxxxxxx 1973 x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx předpisů členských xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxx spotřebě [1], x zejména xx xxxxxx 11 xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx,
xxxxxxxx x xxxx, xx článek 11 uvedené směrnice xxxxxxx, že xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx analytickými xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxx;
xxxxxxxx k xxxx, xx je xxxxxx xxxxxxxx počáteční xxxx xxxxx, jejichž xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx;
xxxxxxxx x xxxx, xx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 73/437/XXX xx stanovena xxxxxx pro xxxxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxx xxxx xxxxxx cukru x xxxxx extra xxxxxx, xxxxxx stanovení xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxx extra bílého, xxxxxxxx xxxxx, xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx a xxxxxx z xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx x metoda xxxxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxx extra xxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxx;
xxxxxxxx x xxxx, xx xx xx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx až do xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxx pro xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x nadále xxxxxx xxxxx Xxxxx x Xxxxxx (metody 7 a 8 x xxxxxxx II x. III.3 x XXX.4) xxxxx metody xxxxx Xxxxx a Xxxxxxxx (metoda 6 x xxxxxxx II x. III.3 x XXX.4);
xxxxxxxx x xxxx, xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxx se xxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx výboru xxx xxxxxxxxx,
XXXXXXX TUTO SMĚRNICI:
Článek 1
1. Členské xxxxx xxxxxxx, že xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx kritérií uvedených x xxxxxxx X xxxx být xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx XX xxxx xxxxxxxx.
2. Xxxx xx xxxxxx druhý xxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxx Luffa x Xxxxxxxx (příloha XX, xxxxxx 6) xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx bílém cukru,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
- v tekutém xxxxx xxxxxxxxx cukru,
- x xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
- xx xxxxxxxxx sirupu,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx sirupu,
- x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx,
- x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx xx xxxx území xxxxxxxx xx stanovení xxxxxxxxxxxx cukrů x xxxxxx xxxx více xxxxxxx cukrů xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx Xxxxx x Eynona (příloha XX, xxxxxx 7 xxxx 8).
3. Xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx využije xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxx. 2 xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxx x xxx xxxxxxx Xxxxxx x ostatní xxxxxxx xxxxx.
Xxxxxx 2
Xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxx a xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx s xxxxx xxxxxxxx xx 18 xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxxx o xxxx xxxxxxx Xxxxxx.
Xxxxxx 3
Tato směrnice xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
V Bruselu dne 26. července 1979.
Xx Xxxxxx
Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxx
xxxx Xxxxxx
[1] Úř. věst. X 356, 27.12.1973, x. 71.
XXXXXXX X
XXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX METOD SPOLEČENSTVÍ XXX NĚKTERÉ CUKRY XXXXXX X LIDSKÉ XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXX XX
XXXXXXXXXX METODY X XXXXXXX SLOŽENÍ XXXXXXXXX XXXXX URČENÝCH X XXXXXX XXXXXXXX
XXXX
1. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx xx důkladně xxxxxxxx.
Xxx analýzu se xx vzorku oddělí xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx 200 x x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx čisté, xxxxx, xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx uzávěrem.
2. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx, přístroje x xxxxxxx
Xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx v případě xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx, xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx zvláštním xxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxx, xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx s xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxx činidla xxxx xxx analytické xxxxxxx, xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx jinak.
Pokud xx xxxxxxxxxx na roztok xxxxxxx xxx dalšího xxxxxxxxx, xxxxx se x xxxxx xxxxxx.
3. Xxxxxxxxx výsledků
V úředním xxxxxxxxx o xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx jako průměrná xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxxx s xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx, xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx v procentech xxxxxxxxxxxx původního laboratorního xxxxxx xxx, jak xxx xx laboratoře xxxxxxx.
Xxxxx platných xxxxxx x xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
XXXXXX 1
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX
1. Xxxxxxx x oblast xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxx ke xxxxxxxxx ztráty xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
- x xxxxx xxxxxxxxx,
- x xxxxx xxxx v cukru xxxxx,
- x xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx.
2. Definice
"Ztráta xxxxxxxxx sušením": hodnota xxxxxx hmotnosti xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
3. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx teplotě 103 ± 2 °X.
4. Přístroje a xxxxxxx
4.1 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx x přesností 0,1 xx.
4.2 Sušárna x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx, xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, umožňující xxxxxxxx teplotu 103 ± 2 °X.
4.3 Xxxxxx xxxxxxx s xxxxxxx xxxx, xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx vzorku x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx, x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx 100 mm x x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx 30 xx.
4.4 Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx nebo s xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx s xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
5. Xxxxxx
Xxxxxxxx:
Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxx 5.3 až 5.7 musí xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx po xxxxxxxx nádoby xx xxxxxxx.
5.1 Xxxxx (4.3) xx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx hmotnosti x xxxxxxx (4.2) xxx xxxxxxx 103 ± 2 °C.
5.2 Xxxxx xx nechá x xxxxxxxxxx (4.4) xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx dobu 30 xx 35 xxxxx x xxxx xx xxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 xx.
5.3 Xx misky xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx 20 xx 30 x vzorku s xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 xx.
5.4 Xxxxx se xxxxx do xxxxxxx (4.2) x xxxxxxx 103 ± 2 °X, kde se xxxxxxx 3 xxxxxx.
5.5 Xxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx v xxxxxxxxxx (4.4) a xxxxx xx x xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 mg.
5.6 Xxxxx xx znovu xxxxx xx 30 xxxxx xx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx 103 ± 2 °X.
Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx v xxxxxxxxxx (4.4) x xxxxx xx x xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 xx. Pokud xx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx větší xxx 1 xx, xxxxxx xx opakuje. Dojde-li xx zvýšení hmotnosti, xxxxxxx xx x xxxxxxx nejnižší xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
5.7 Xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx než čtyři xxxxxx.
6. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
6.1 Xxxxxx x postup xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx:
xxx:
x0 xx xxxxxxxxx hmotnost xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (x),
x1 je xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx (g).
6.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx nebo rychle xx sebou x xxxxx vzorku xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx totožných xxxxxxxx xxxxx být xxxxx xxx 0,02 x xx 100 x vzorku.
METODA 2
STANOVENÍ XXXXXX
Xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
1. Xxxxxxx x oblast použití
Metoda xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx sušiny
- xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx,
- v xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx,
- x xxxxxxxx monohydrátu,
- x dextrose bezvodé.
2. Xxxxxxxx
"Xxxxx xxxxxx": xxxxx xxxxxx stanovený popsanou xxxxxxx.
3. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xxxxxx xx stanoví xxx xxxxxxx 70 ± 1 °X xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxx xxxxxxx 3,3 xXx (34 xxxx). Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx nebo sušeného xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x vodou x x xxxxxxxxxx.
4. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
4.1 Xxxxxxxxx: xxxxxxxx se x Xüxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (1 ml xxxxxxxxxxxxx kyseliny o xxxxxxx 1,19 x/xx xx xxxx vody xxx 20 °C), xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxx xx filtru xx xxx promývá xxxxx xxx xxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxxxx xX xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx nad 4; pak xx xxxxxxxxx vysuší v xxxxxxx při 103 ± 2 °X x xxxxx xx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx nádoby.
5. Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx
5.1 Xxxxxxx sušárna, xxxxxxxx, xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, vybavená xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx. Musí být xxxxxxxxxxxx xxx, aby xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx na xxxxxxxx.
5.2 Aparatura x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx ze xxxxxxxx xxxxxx naplněné čerstvě xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, s xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx sériově xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xx vstup xxxxxxx do sušárny.
5.3 Xxxxxx umožňující xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxx 3,3 kPa (34 xxxx) xxxx xxxxx.
5.4 Xxxxxx váženka x xxxxxxx dnem odolná xxxx xxxxxxxx vzorků x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x průměrem nejméně 100 xx a x hloubkou xxxxxxx 300 mm.
5.5 Skleněná xxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxx, xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx.
5.6 Xxxxxxxxx s xxxxxxx aktivovaným xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx x rovnocenným xxxxxxxxxxx s indikátorem xxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
5.7 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxx vážící x xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 xx.
6. Xxxxxx
6.1 Do xxxxxxx (5.4) xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (5.5) xx převede xxxxxxxxx 30 x xxxxxxxxx (4.1), vše vloží xx xx sušárny (5.1) x xxxxxxxx 70 ± 1 °X x xxxx xx sníží xxxxxxx xx 3,3 xXx (34 mbar).
Suší xx xxx dobu xxxxxxx 5 hodin, přičemž xx přes xxxxxxxxx xxx vysoušení vzduchu xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxx se xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx.
6.2 Xxxxxxxxxx dosažení atmosférického xxxxx x sušárně xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxx x xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx okamžitě xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx (5.6), xxx se xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, x xxx xx zváží.
6.3 Xx xxxxxxx x xxxxxx 100 xx se x xxxxxxxxx na 1 xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx 10 x xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
6.4 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx se xxxxx 10 xx xxxxx xxxx a roztok xx pomocí xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (5.5) kvantitativně xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx.
6.5 Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx x xxxx xx sníží xxxxxxx xx 3,3 xXx (34 xxxx). Xxxx xx při 70 ± 1 °X, přičemž se xxxxxxxx xxxxx procházet xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
Xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxx 20 xxxxx; x největšímu xxxxxx vlhkosti má xxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxx dne. Xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx tlaku x xxxxxx xxxxxx proudit xx sušárny xxxxx xxxxxx xxx, xxx xx během noci xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx 3,3 xXx (34 mbar) xxxx xxxxx.
6.6 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx x x xxxxxxx xx okamžitě xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx, xxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, x poté xx xxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xx 1 xx.
6.7 Xxxxxxx (6.5) xx xxxxxxx po xxxxx 4 hodiny. X xxxxxxx xx obnoví xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx a xxxxx se ihned xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxx xx vychladnout x xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx, zda xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx. Xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx považuje xxxxxx xxxxxxxx, kdy xxxxxx mezi xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxx větší než 2 mg. V xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx operace 6.7.
6.8 Xxx stanovení xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx není xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx a xxxx xxxxxxxxx.
7. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
7.1 Vzorec x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx:
xxx:
x0 = xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (x),
x1 = xx hmotnost xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx a xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx vzorku po xxxxxx (x),
x2 = xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x křemelinou x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (g).
7.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx mezi výsledky xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx nebo rychle xx sebou x xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx za totožných xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx 0,12 x xx 100 x vzorku.
METODA 3
STANOVENÍ XXXXXXX XXXXXX
(Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx metoda)
1. Xxxxxxx a xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxxx obsah xxxxxx
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx cukru,
- x xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
- v sirupu x bílého invertního xxxxx.
2. Xxxxxxxx
"Xxxxx xxxxxx": xxxxx xxxxxx stanovený xxxxxxxx metodou.
3. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xxxxxxx se xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx vzorku xxx 20 °C x xxxxx tabulek xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxx.
4. Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx
4.1 Refraktometr x přesností odečtu xx čtyři xxxxxxxxx xxxxx, vybavený xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxx xxxxx, která xx udržována xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx 20 ± 0,5 °X.
4.2 Xxxxxxxx xxxxx sestávající xx sodíkové xxxxxxx.
5. Xxxxxx
5.1 Xxxxx xxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx vzorku x xxxxxx 1:1 (x/x).
5.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx (4.1) xx xxxxx index xxxx xxxxxx při 20 °X.
6. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxx výpočet
6.1 Xxxxx sušiny xx xxxxxxx z xxxxxx xxxx xxx roztoky xxxxxxxxx xxx 20 °X xxxxx uvedené xxxxxxx a jako xxxxxxx xx přítomnost xxxxxxxxxx cukru v xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx se x výsledku x xxxxxxx přičte na xxxxx 1 % xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx hodnota 0,022.
6.2 Xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx 1:1 (x/x), xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx dvěma.
6.3 Opakovatelnost
Rozdíl xxxx výsledky xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx z xxxxx xxxxxx tímtéž xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx větší xxx 0,2 x xxxxxx xx 100 x xxxxxx.
XXXXXXXXXX TABULKY
Indexy xxxx (x) xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxx 20 °X [1]
|
n (20 °X) |
Xxxxxxxxx (%) |
|
1,3330 |
0,009 |
|
1,3331 |
0,078 |
|
1,3332 |
0,149 |
|
1,3333 |
0,218 |
|
1,3334 |
0,288 |
|
1,3335 |
0,358 |
|
1,3336 |
0,428 |
|
1,3337 |
0,498 |
|
1,3338 |
0,567 |
|
1,3339 |
0,637 |
|
1,3340 |
0,707 |
|
1,3341 |
0,776 |
|
1,3342 |
0,846 |
|
1,3343 |
0,915 |
|
1,3344 |
0,985 |
|
1,3345 |
1,054 |
|
1,3346 |
1,124 |
|
1,3347 |
1,193 |
|
1,3348 |
1,263 |
|
1,3349 |
1,332 |
|
1,3350 |
1,401 |
|
1,3351 |
1,470 |
|
1,3352 |
1,540 |
|
1,3353 |
1,609 |
|
1,3354 |
1,678 |
|
1,3355 |
1,747 |
|
1,3356 |
1,816 |
|
1,3357 |
1,885 |
|
1,3358 |
1,954 |
|
1,3359 |
2,023 |
|
1,3360 |
2,092 |
|
1,3361 |
2,161 |
|
1,3362 |
2,230 |
|
1,3363 |
2,299 |
|
1,3364 |
2,367 |
|
1,3365 |
2,436 |
|
1,3366 |
2,505 |
|
1,3367 |
2,574 |
|
1,3368 |
2,642 |
|
1,3369 |
2,711 |
|
1,3370 |
2,779 |
|
1,3371 |
2,848 |
|
1,3372 |
2,917 |
|
1,3373 |
2,985 |
|
1,3374 |
3,053 |
|
1,3375 |
3,122 |
|
1,3376 |
3,190 |
|
1,3377 |
3,259 |
|
1,3378 |
3,327 |
|
1,3379 |
3,395 |
|
1,3380 |
3,463 |
|
1,3381 |
3,532 |
|
1,3382 |
3,600 |
|
1,3383 |
3,668 |
|
1,3384 |
3,736 |
|
1,3385 |
3,804 |
|
1,3386 |
3,872 |
|
1,3387 |
3,940 |
|
1,3388 |
4,008 |
|
1,3389 |
4,076 |
|
1,3390 |
4,144 |
|
1,3391 |
4,212 |
|
1,3392 |
4,279 |
|
1,3393 |
4,347 |
|
1,3394 |
4,415 |
|
1,3395 |
4,483 |
|
1,3396 |
4,550 |
|
1,3397 |
4,618 |
|
1,3398 |
4,686 |
|
1,3399 |
4,753 |
|
1,3400 |
4,821 |
|
1,3401 |
4,888 |
|
1,3402 |
4,956 |
|
1,3403 |
5,023 |
|
1,3404 |
5,091 |
|
1,3405 |
5,158 |
|
1,3406 |
5,225 |
|
1,3407 |
5,293 |
|
1,3408 |
5,360 |
|
1,3409 |
5,427 |
|
1,3410 |
5,494 |
|
1,3411 |
5,562 |
|
1,3412 |
5,629 |
|
1,3413 |
5,696 |
|
1,3414 |
5,763 |
|
1,3415 |
5,830 |
|
1,3416 |
5,897 |
|
1,3417 |
5,964 |
|
1,3418 |
6,031 |
|
1,3419 |
6,098 |
|
1,3420 |
6,165 |
|
1,3421 |
6,231 |
|
1,3422 |
6,298 |
|
1,3423 |
6,365 |
|
1,3424 |
6,432 |
|
1,3425 |
6,498 |
|
1,3426 |
6,565 |
|
1,3427 |
6,632 |
|
1,3428 |
6,698 |
|
1,3429 |
6,765 |
|
1,3430 |
6,831 |
|
1,3431 |
6,898 |
|
1,3432 |
6,964 |
|
1,3433 |
7,031 |
|
1,3434 |
7,097 |
|
1,3435 |
7,164 |
|
1,3436 |
7,230 |
|
1,3437 |
7,296 |
|
1,3438 |
7,362 |
|
1,3439 |
7,429 |
|
1,3440 |
7,495 |
|
1,3441 |
7,561 |
|
1,3442 |
7,627 |
|
1,3443 |
7,693 |
|
1,3444 |
7,759 |
|
1,3445 |
7,825 |
|
1,3446 |
7,891 |
|
1,3447 |
7,957 |
|
1,3448 |
8,023 |
|
1,3449 |
8,089 |
|
1,3450 |
8,155 |
|
1,3451 |
8,221 |
|
1,3452 |
8,287 |
|
1,3453 |
8,352 |
|
1,3454 |
8,418 |
|
1,3455 |
8,484 |
|
1,3456 |
8,550 |
|
1,3457 |
8,615 |
|
1&xxxx;3458 |
8,681 |
|
1,3459 |
8,746 |
|
1,3460 |
8,812 |
|
1,3461 |
8,878 |
|
1,3462 |
8,943 |
|
1,3463 |
9,008 |
|
1,3464 |
9,074 |
|
1,3465 |
9,139 |
|
1,3466 |
9,205 |
|
1,3467 |
9,270 |
|
1,3468 |
9,335 |
|
1,3469 |
9,400 |
|
1,3470 |
9,466 |
|
1,3471 |
9,531 |
|
1,3472 |
9,596 |
|
1,3473 |
9,661 |
|
1,3474 |
9,726 |
|
1,3475 |
9,791 |
|
1,3476 |
9,856 |
|
1,3477 |
9,921 |
|
1,3478 |
9,986 |
|
1,3479 |
10,051 |
|
1,3480 |
10,116 |
|
1,3481 |
10,181 |
|
1,3482 |
10,246 |
|
1,3483 |
10,311 |
|
1,3484 |
10,375 |
|
1,3485 |
10,440 |
|
1,3486 |
10,505 |
|
1,3487 |
10,570 |
|
1,3488 |
10,634 |
|
1,3489 |
10,699 |
|
1,3490 |
10,763 |
|
1,3491 |
10,828 |
|
1,3492 |
10,892 |
|
1,3493 |
10,957 |
|
1,3494 |
11,021 |
|
1,3495 |
11,086 |
|
1,3496 |
11,150 |
|
1,3497 |
11,215 |
|
1,3498 |
11,279 |
|
1,3499 |
11,343 |
|
1,3500 |
11,407 |
|
1,3501 |
11,472 |
|
1,3502 |
11,536 |
|
1,3503 |
11,600 |
|
1,3504 |
11,664 |
|
1,3505 |
11,728 |
|
1,3506 |
11,792 |
|
1,3507 |
11,856 |
|
1,3508 |
11,920 |
|
1,3509 |
11,984 |
|
1,3510 |
12,048 |
|
1,3511 |
12,112 |
|
1,3512 |
12,176 |
|
1,3513 |
12,240 |
|
1,3514 |
12,304 |
|
1,3515 |
12,368 |
|
1,3516 |
12,431 |
|
1,3517 |
12,495 |
|
1,3518 |
12,559 |
|
1,3519 |
12,623 |
|
1,3520 |
12,686 |
|
1,3521 |
12,750 |
|
1,3522 |
12,813 |
|
1,3523 |
12,877 |
|
1,3524 |
12,940 |
|
1,3525 |
13,004 |
|
1,3526 |
13,067 |
|
1,3527 |
13,131 |
|
1,3528 |
13,194 |
|
1,3529 |
13,258 |
|
1,3530 |
13,321 |
|
1,3531 |
13,384 |
|
1,3532 |
13,448 |
|
1,3533 |
13,511 |
|
1,3534 |
13,574 |
|
1,3535 |
13,637 |
|
1,3536 |
13,700 |
|
1,3537 |
13,763 |
|
1,3538 |
13,826 |
|
1,3539 |
13,890 |
|
1,3540 |
13,953 |
|
1,3541 |
14,016 |
|
1,3542 |
14,079 |
|
1,3543 |
14,141 |
|
1,3544 |
14,204 |
|
1,3545 |
14,267 |
|
1,3546 |
14,330 |
|
1,3547 |
14,393 |
|
1,3548 |
14,456 |
|
1,3549 |
14,518 |
|
1,3550 |
14,581 |
|
1,3551 |
14,644 |
|
1,3552 |
14,707 |
|
1,3553 |
14,769 |
|
1,3554 |
14,832 |
|
1,3555 |
14,894 |
|
1,3556 |
14,957 |
|
1,3557 |
15,019 |
|
1,3558 |
15,082 |
|
1,3559 |
15,144 |
|
1,3560 |
15,207 |
|
1,3561 |
15,269 |
|
1,3562 |
15,332 |
|
1,3563 |
15,394 |
|
1,3564 |
15,456 |
|
1,3565 |
15,518 |
|
1,3566 |
15,581 |
|
1,3567 |
15,643 |
|
1,3568 |
15,705 |
|
1,3569 |
15,767 |
|
1,3570 |
15,829 |
|
1,3571 |
15,891 |
|
1,3572 |
15,953 |
|
1,3573 |
16,016 |
|
1,3574 |
16,078 |
|
1,3575 |
16,140 |
|
1,3576 |
16,201 |
|
1,3577 |
16,263 |
|
1,3578 |
16,325 |
|
1,3579 |
16,387 |
|
1,3580 |
16,449 |
|
1,3581 |
16,511 |
|
1,3582 |
16,573 |
|
1,3583 |
16,634 |
|
1,3584 |
16,696 |
|
1,3585 |
16,758 |
|
1,3586 |
16,819 |
|
1,3587 |
16,881 |
|
1,3588 |
16,943 |
|
1,3389 |
17,004 |
|
1,3590 |
17,066 |
|
1,3591 |
17,127 |
|
1,3592 |
17,189 |
|
1,3593 |
17,250 |
|
1,3594 |
17,311 |
|
1,3595 |
17,373 |
|
1,3596 |
17,434 |
|
1,3597 |
17,496 |
|
1,3598 |
17,557 |
|
1,3599 |
17,618 |
|
1,3600 |
17,679 |
|
1,3601 |
17,741 |
|
1,3602 |
17,802 |
|
1,3603 |
17,863 |
|
1,3604 |
17,924 |
|
1,3605 |
17,985 |
|
1,3606 |
18,046 |
|
1,3607 |
18,107 |
|
1,3608 |
18,168 |
|
1,3609 |
18,229 |
|
1,3610 |
18,290 |
|
1,3610 |
18,351 |
|
1,3611 |
18,412 |
|
1,3613 |
18,473 |
|
1,3614 |
18,534 |
|
1,3615 |
18,595 |
|
1,3616 |
18,655 |
|
1,3617 |
18,716 |
|
1,3618 |
18,777 |
|
1,3619 |
18,837 |
|
1,3620 |
18,898 |
|
1,3621 |
18,959 |
|
1,3622 |
19,019 |
|
1,3623 |
19,080 |
|
1,3624 |
19,141 |
|
1,3625 |
19,201 |
|
1,3626 |
19,262 |
|
1,3627 |
19,322 |
|
1,3628 |
19,382 |
|
1,3629 |
19,443 |
|
1,3630 |
19,503 |
|
1,3631 |
19,564 |
|
1,3632 |
19,624 |
|
1,3633 |
19,684 |
|
1,3634 |
19,745 |
|
1,3635 |
19,805 |
|
1,3636 |
19,865 |
|
1,3637 |
19,925 |
|
1,3638 |
19,985 |
|
1,3639 |
20,045 |
|
1,3640 |
20,106 |
|
1.3641 |
20,166 |
|
1,3642 |
20,226 |
|
1,3643 |
20,286 |
|
1,3644 |
20,346 |
|
1,3645 |
20,406 |
|
1,3646 |
20,466 |
|
1,3647 |
20,525 |
|
1,3648 |
20,585 |
|
1,3649 |
20,645 |
|
1,3650 |
20,705 |
|
1,3651 |
20,765 |
|
1,3652 |
20,825 |
|
1,3653 |
20,884 |
|
1,3654 |
20,944 |
|
1,3655 |
21,004 |
|
1,3656 |
21,063 |
|
1,3657 |
21,123 |
|
1,3658 |
21,183 |
|
1,3659 |
21,242 |
|
1,3660 |
21,302 |
|
1,3661 |
21,361 |
|
1,3662 |
21,421 |
|
1,3563 |
21,480 |
|
1,3664 |
21,540 |
|
1,3665 |
21,599 |
|
1,3666 |
21,658 |
|
1,3667 |
21,718 |
|
1,3668 |
21,777 |
|
1,3669 |
21,836 |
|
1,3670 |
21,896 |
|
1,3671 |
21,955 |
|
1,3672 |
22,014 |
|
1,1673 |
22,073 |
|
1,3674 |
22,132 |
|
1,3675 |
22,192 |
|
1,3676 |
22,251 |
|
1,1677 |
22,310 |
|
1,3678 |
22,369 |
|
1,3679 |
22,428 |
|
1,3680 |
22,487 |
|
1,3681 |
22,546 |
|
1,3682 |
22,605 |
|
1,3683 |
22,664 |
|
1,3684 |
22,723 |
|
1,3685 |
22,781 |
|
1,3686 |
22,840 |
|
1,3687 |
22,899 |
|
1,3688 |
22,958 |
|
1,3689 |
23,017 |
|
1,3690 |
23,075 |
|
1,3691 |
23,134 |
|
1,3692 |
23,193 |
|
1,3693 |
23,251 |
|
1,3694 |
23,310 |
|
1,3695 |
23,369 |
|
1,3696 |
23,427 |
|
1,3697 |
23,486 |
|
1,3698 |
23,544 |
|
1,3699 |
23,603 |
|
1,3700 |
23,661 |
|
1,3701 |
23,720 |
|
1,3702 |
23,778 |
|
1,3703 |
23,836 |
|
1,3704 |
23,895 |
|
1,3705 |
23,953 |
|
1,3706 |
24,011 |
|
1,3707 |
24,070 |
|
1,3708 |
24,128 |
|
1,3709 |
24,186 |
|
1,3710 |
24,244 |
|
1,3711 |
24,302 |
|
1,3712 |
24,361 |
|
1,3713 |
24,419 |
|
1,3714 |
24,477 |
|
1,3715 |
24,535 |
|
1,3716 |
24,593 |
|
1,3717 |
24,651 |
|
1,3718 |
24,709 |
|
1,3719 |
24,767 |
|
1,3720 |
24,825 |
|
1,3721 |
24,883 |
|
1,3722 |
24,941 |
|
1,3723 |
24,998 |
|
1,3724 |
25,056 |
|
1,3725 |
25,114 |
|
1,3726 |
25,172 |
|
1,3727 |
25,230 |
|
1,3728 |
25287 |
|
1,3729 |
25,345 |
|
1,3730 |
25,403 |
|
1,3731 |
25,460 |
|
1,3732 |
25,518 |
|
1,3733 |
25,576 |
|
1,3734 |
25,633 |
|
1,3735 |
25,691 |
|
1,3736 |
25,748 |
|
1,3737 |
25,806 |
|
1,3738 |
25,863 |
|
1,3739 |
25,921 |
|
1,3740 |
25,978 |
|
1,3741 |
26,035 |
|
1,3742 |
26,093 |
|
1,3743 |
26,150 |
|
1,3744 |
26,207 |
|
1,3745 |
26,265 |
|
1,3746 |
26,322 |
|
1,3747 |
26,379 |
|
1,3748 |
26,436 |
|
1,3749 |
26,493 |
|
1,3750 |
26,551 |
|
1,3751 |
26,608 |
|
1,3752 |
26,665 |
|
1,3753 |
26,722 |
|
1,3754 |
26,779 |
|
1,3755 |
26,836 |
|
1,3756 |
26,893 |
|
1,3757 |
26,950 |
|
1,3758 |
27,007 |
|
1,3759 |
27,064 |
|
1,3760 |
27,121 |
|
1,3761 |
27,178 |
|
1,3762 |
27,234 |
|
1,3763 |
27,291 |
|
1,3764 |
27,348 |
|
1,3765 |
27,405 |
|
1,3765 |
27,462 |
|
1,3767 |
27,518 |
|
1,3768 |
27,575 |
|
1,3769 |
27,632 |
|
1,3770 |
27,688 |
|
1,3771 |
27,745 |
|
1,3772 |
27,802 |
|
1,3773 |
27,858 |
|
1,3774 |
27,915 |
|
1,3775 |
27,971 |
|
1,3776 |
28,028 |
|
1,3777 |
28,084 |
|
1,3778 |
28,141 |
|
1,3779 |
28,197 |
|
1,3780 |
28,253 |
|
1,3781 |
28,310 |
|
1,3782 |
28,366 |
|
1,3783 |
28,422 |
|
1,3784 |
28,479 |
|
1,3785 |
28,535 |
|
1,3786 |
28,591 |
|
1,3787 |
28,648 |
|
1,3788 |
28,704 |
|
1,3789 |
28,760 |
|
1,3790 |
28,816 |
|
1,3791 |
28,872 |
|
1,3792 |
28,928 |
|
1,3793 |
28,984 |
|
1,3794 |
29,040 |
|
1,3795 |
29,096 |
|
1,3796 |
29,152 |
|
1,3797 |
29,208 |
|
1,3798 |
29,264 |
|
1,3799 |
29,320 |
|
1,3800 |
29,376 |
|
1,3801 |
29,432 |
|
1,3802 |
29,488 |
|
1,3803 |
29,544 |
|
1,3804 |
29,600 |
|
1,3805 |
29,655 |
|
1,3806 |
29,711 |
|
1,3807 |
29,767 |
|
1,3808 |
29,823 |
|
1,3809 |
29,878 |
|
1,3810 |
29,934 |
|
1,3811 |
29,989 |
|
1,3812 |
30,045 |
|
1,3813 |
30,101 |
|
1,3814 |
30,156 |
|
1,3815 |
30,212 |
|
1,3816 |
30,267 |
|
1,3817 |
30,323 |
|
1,3818 |
30,378 |
|
1,3819 |
30,434 |
|
1,3820 |
30,489 |
|
1,3821 |
30,544 |
|
1,3822 |
30,600 |
|
1,3823 |
30,655 |
|
1,3824 |
30,711 |
|
1,3825 |
30,766 |
|
1,3826 |
30,821 |
|
1,3827 |
30,876 |
|
1,3828 |
30,932 |
|
1,3829 |
30,987 |
|
1,3830 |
31,042 |
|
1,3831 |
31,097 |
|
1,3832 |
31,152 |
|
1,3833 |
31,207 |
|
1,3834 |
31,262 |
|
1,3835 |
31,317 |
|
1,3836 |
31,372 |
|
1,3837 |
31,428 |
|
1,3838 |
31,482 |
|
1,3839 |
31,537 |
|
1,3840 |
31,592 |
|
1,3841 |
31,647 |
|
1,3842 |
31,702 |
|
1,3843 |
31,757 |
|
1,3844 |
31,812 |
|
1,3845 |
31,867 |
|
1,3846 |
31,922 |
|
1,3847 |
31,976 |
|
1,3848 |
32,031 |
|
1,3849 |
32,086 |
|
1,3850 |
32,140 |
|
1,3851 |
32,195 |
|
1,3852 |
32,250 |
|
1,3853 |
32,304 |
|
1,3854 |
32,359 |
|
1,3855 |
32,414 |
|
1,3856 |
32,468 |
|
1,3857 |
32,523 |
|
1,3858 |
32,577 |
|
1,3859 |
32,632 |
|
1,3860 |
32,686 |
|
1,3861 |
32,741 |
|
1,3862 |
32,795 |
|
1,3863 |
32,849 |
|
1,3864 |
32,904 |
|
1,3865 |
32,958 |
|
1,3866 |
33,013 |
|
1,3867 |
33,067 |
|
1,3868 |
33,121 |
|
1,3889 |
33,175 |
|
1,3870 |
33,230 |
|
1,3871 |
33,284 |
|
1,3872 |
33,338 |
|
1,3873 |
33,392 |
|
1,3874 |
33,446 |
|
1,3875 |
33,500 |
|
1,3876 |
33,555 |
|
1,3877 |
33,609 |
|
1,3878 |
33,663 |
|
1,3879 |
33,717 |
|
1,3880 |
33,771 |
|
1,3881 |
33,825 |
|
1,3882 |
33,879 |
|
1,3883 |
33,933 |
|
1,3884 |
33,987 |
|
1,3885 |
34,040 |
|
1,3886 |
34,094 |
|
1,3887 |
34,148 |
|
1,3888 |
34,202 |
|
1,3889 |
34,256 |
|
1,3890 |
34,310 |
|
1,3891 |
34,363 |
|
1,3892 |
34,417 |
|
1,3893 |
34,471 |
|
1,3894 |
34,524 |
|
1,3895 |
34,578 |
|
1,3896 |
34,632 |
|
1,3897 |
34,685 |
|
1,3898 |
34,739 |
|
1,3899 |
34,793 |
|
1,3900 |
34,846 |
|
1,3901 |
34,900 |
|
1,3902 |
34,953 |
|
1,3903 |
35,007 |
|
1,3904 |
35,060 |
|
1,3905 |
35,114 |
|
1,3906 |
35,167 |
|
1,3907 |
35,220 |
|
1,3908 |
35,274 |
|
1,3909 |
35,327 |
|
1,3910 |
35,380 |
|
1,3911 |
35,434 |
|
1,3912 |
35,487 |
|
1,3913 |
35,540 |
|
1,3914 |
35,593 |
|
1,3915 |
35,647 |
|
1,3916 |
35,700 |
|
1,3917 |
35,753 |
|
1,3918 |
35,806 |
|
1,3919 |
35,859 |
|
1,3920 |
35,912 |
|
1,3921 |
35,966 |
|
1,3922 |
36,019 |
|
1,3923 |
36,072 |
|
1,3924 |
36,125 |
|
1,3925 |
36,178 |
|
1,3926 |
36,231 |
|
1,3927 |
36,284 |
|
1,3928 |
36,337 |
|
1,3929 |
36,389 |
|
1,3930 |
36,442 |
|
1,3931 |
36,495 |
|
1,3932 |
36,548 |
|
1,3933 |
36,601 |
|
1,3934 |
36,654 |
|
1,3935 |
36,706 |
|
1,3936 |
36,759 |
|
1,3937 |
36,812 |
|
1,3938 |
36,865 |
|
1,3939 |
36,917 |
|
1,3940 |
36,970 |
|
1,3941 |
37,023 |
|
1,3942 |
37,075 |
|
1,3943 |
37,128 |
|
1,3944 |
37,180 |
|
1,3945 |
37,233 |
|
1,3946 |
37,286 |
|
1,3947 |
37,338 |
|
1,3948 |
37,391 |
|
1,3949 |
37,443 |
|
1,3950 |
37,495 |
|
1,3951 |
37,548 |
|
1,3952 |
37,600 |
|
1,3953 |
37,653 |
|
1,3954 |
37,705 |
|
1,3955 |
37,757 |
|
1,3956 |
37,810 |
|
1,3957 |
37,862 |
|
1,3958 |
37,914 |
|
1,3959 |
37,967 |
|
1,3960 |
38,019 |
|
1,3961 |
38,071 |
|
1,3962 |
38,123 |
|
1,3963 |
38,175 |
|
1,3964 |
38,228 |
|
1,3965 |
38,280 |
|
1,3966 |
38,332 |
|
1,3967 |
38,384 |
|
1,3968 |
38,436 |
|
1,3969 |
38,488 |
|
1,3970 |
38,540 |
|
1,3971 |
38,592 |
|
1,3972 |
38,644 |
|
1,3973 |
38,696 |
|
1,3974 |
38,748 |
|
1,3975 |
38,800 |
|
1,3976 |
38,852 |
|
1,3977 |
38,904 |
|
1,3978 |
38,955 |
|
1,3979 |
39,007 |
|
1,3980 |
39,059 |
|
1,3981 |
39,111 |
|
1,3982 |
39,163 |
|
1,3983 |
39,214 |
|
1,3984 |
39,266 |
|
1,3985 |
39,318 |
|
1,3986 |
39,370 |
|
1,3987 |
39,421 |
|
1,3988 |
39,473 |
|
1,3989 |
39,525 |
|
1,3990 |
39,576 |
|
1,3991 |
39,628 |
|
1,3992 |
39,679 |
|
1,3993 |
39,731 |
|
1,3994 |
39,782 |
|
1,3995 |
39,834 |
|
1,3996 |
39,885 |
|
1,3997 |
39,937 |
|
1,3998 |
39,988 |
|
1,3999 |
40,040 |
|
1,4000 |
40,091 |
|
1,4001 |
40,142 |
|
1,4002 |
40,194 |
|
1,4003 |
40,245 |
|
1,4004 |
40,296 |
|
1,4005 |
40,348 |
|
1,4006 |
40,399 |
|
1,4007 |
40,450 |
|
1,4008 |
40,501 |
|
1,4009 |
40,553 |
|
1,4010 |
40,604 |
|
1,4011 |
40,655 |
|
1,4012 |
40,706 |
|
1,4013 |
40,757 |
|
1,4014 |
40,808 |
|
1,4015 |
40,860 |
|
1,4016 |
40,911 |
|
1,4017 |
40,962 |
|
1,4018 |
41,013 |
|
1,4019 |
41,064 |
|
1,4020 |
41,115 |
|
1,4021 |
41,166 |
|
1,4022 |
41,217 |
|
1,4023 |
41,268 |
|
1,4024 |
41,318 |
|
1,4025 |
41,369 |
|
1,4026 |
41,420 |
|
1,4027 |
41,471 |
|
1,4028 |
41,522 |
|
1,4029 |
41,573 |
|
1,4030 |
41,623 |
|
1,4031 |
41,674 |
|
1,4032 |
41,725 |
|
1,4033 |
41,776 |
|
1,4034 |
41,826 |
|
1,4035 |
41,877 |
|
1,4036 |
41,928 |
|
1,4037 |
41,978 |
|
1,4038 |
42,029 |
|
1,4039 |
42,080 |
|
1,4040 |
42,130 |
|
1,4041 |
42,181 |
|
1,4042 |
42,231 |
|
1,4043 |
42,282 |
|
1,4044 |
42,332 |
|
1,4045 |
42,383 |
|
1,4046 |
42,433 |
|
1,4047 |
42,484 |
|
1,4048 |
42,534 |
|
1,4049 |
42,585 |
|
1,4050 |
42,635 |
|
1,4051 |
42,685 |
|
1,4052 |
42,736 |
|
1,4053 |
42,786 |
|
1,4054 |
42,836 |
|
1,4055 |
42,887 |
|
1,4056 |
42,937 |
|
1,4057 |
42,987 |
|
1,4058 |
43,037 |
|
1,4059 |
43,088 |
|
1,4060 |
43,138 |
|
1,4061 |
43,188 |
|
1,4062 |
43,238 |
|
1,4063 |
43,288 |
|
1,4064 |
43,338 |
|
1,4065 |
43,388 |
|
1,4066 |
43,439 |
|
1,4067 |
43,489 |
|
1,4068 |
43,539 |
|
1,4069 |
43,589 |
|
1,4070 |
43,639 |
|
1,4071 |
43,689 |
|
1,4072 |
43739 |
|
1,4073 |
43,789 |
|
1,4074 |
43,838 |
|
1,4075 |
43,888 |
|
1,4076 |
43,938 |
|
1,4077 |
43,988 |
|
1,4078 |
44,038 |
|
1,4079 |
44,088 |
|
1,4080 |
44,138 |
|
1,4081 |
44,187 |
|
1,4082 |
44,237 |
|
1,4083 |
44,287 |
|
1,4084 |
44,337 |
|
1,4085 |
44,386 |
|
1,4086 |
44,436 |
|
1,4087 |
44,486 |
|
1,4088 |
44,535 |
|
1,4089 |
44,585 |
|
1,4090 |
44,635 |
|
1,4091 |
44,684 |
|
1,4092 |
44,734 |
|
1,4093 |
44,783 |
|
1,4094 |
44,833 |
|
1,4095 |
44,882 |
|
1,4096 |
44,932 |
|
1,4097 |
44,981 |
|
1,4098 |
45,031 |
|
1,4099 |
45,080 |
|
1,4100 |
45,130 |
|
1,4101 |
43,179 |
|
1,4102 |
45,228 |
|
1,4103 |
45,278 |
|
1,4104 |
45,327 |
|
1,4105 |
45,376 |
|
1,4106 |
45,426 |
|
1,4107 |
45,475 |
|
1,4108 |
45,524 |
|
1,4109 |
45,574 |
|
1,4110 |
45,623 |
|
1,4111 |
45,672 |
|
1,4112 |
45,721 |
|
1,4113 |
45,770 |
|
1,4114 |
45,820 |
|
1,4115 |
45,869 |
|
1,4116 |
45,918 |
|
1,4117 |
46,967 |
|
1,4118 |
46,016 |
|
1,4119 |
46,065 |
|
1,4120 |
46,114 |
|
1,4121 |
46,163 |
|
1,4122 |
46,212 |
|
1,4123 |
46,261 |
|
1,4124 |
46,310 |
|
1,4125 |
46,359 |
|
1,4126 |
46,408 |
|
1,4127 |
46,457 |
|
1,4128 |
46,506 |
|
1,4129 |
46,555 |
|
1,4130 |
46,604 |
|
1,4131 |
46,652 |
|
1,4132 |
46,701 |
|
1,4133 |
46,750 |
|
1,4134 |
46,799 |
|
1,4135 |
46,848 |
|
1,4136 |
46,896 |
|
1,4137 |
46,945 |
|
1,4138 |
46,994 |
|
1,4139 |
47,043 |
|
1,4140 |
47,091 |
|
1,4141 |
47,140 |
|
1,4141 |
47,188 |
|
1,4143 |
47,237 |
|
1,4144 |
47,286 |
|
1,4145 |
47,334 |
|
1,4146 |
47,383 |
|
1,4147 |
47,431 |
|
1,4148 |
47,480 |
|
1,4149 |
47,528 |
|
1,4150 |
47,577 |
|
1,4151 |
47,625 |
|
1,4152 |
47,674 |
|
1,4153 |
47,722 |
|
1,4154 |
47,771 |
|
1,4155 |
47,819 |
|
1,4156 |
47,868 |
|
1,4157 |
47,916 |
|
1,4158 |
47,964 |
|
1,4159 |
48,013 |
|
1,4160 |
48,061 |
|
1,4161 |
48,109 |
|
1,4162 |
48,158 |
|
1,4163 |
48,206 |
|
1,4164 |
48,254 |
|
1,4165 |
48,302 |
|
1,4166 |
48,350 |
|
1,4167 |
48,399 |
|
1,4168 |
48,447 |
|
1,4169 |
48,495 |
|
1,4170 |
48,543 |
|
1,4171 |
48,591 |
|
1,4172 |
48,639 |
|
1,4173 |
48,687 |
|
1,4174 |
48,735 |
|
1,4175 |
48,784 |
|
1,4176 |
48,832 |
|
1,4177 |
48,880 |
|
1,4178 |
48,928 |
|
1,4179 |
48,976 |
|
1,4180 |
49,023 |
|
1,4181 |
49,071 |
|
1,4182 |
49,119 |
|
1,4183 |
49,167 |
|
1,4184 |
49,215 |
|
1,4185 |
49,263 |
|
1,4186 |
49,311 |
|
1,4187 |
49,359 |
|
1,4188 |
49,407 |
|
1,4189 |
49,454 |
|
1,4190 |
49,502 |
|
1,4191 |
49,550 |
|
1,4192 |
49,598 |
|
1,4193 |
49,645 |
|
1,4194 |
49,693 |
|
1,4195 |
49,741 |
|
1,4196 |
49,788 |
|
1,4197 |
49,836 |
|
1,4198 |
49,884 |
|
1,4199 |
49,931 |
|
1,4200 |
49,979 |
|
1,4201 |
50,027 |
|
1,4202 |
50,074 |
|
1,4203 |
50,122 |
|
1,4204 |
50,169 |
|
1,4205 |
50,217 |
|
1,4206 |
50,264 |
|
1,4207 |
50,312 |
|
1,4208 |
50,359 |
|
1,4209 |
50,407 |
|
1,4210 |
50,454 |
|
1,4211 |
50,502 |
|
1,4212 |
50,549 |
|
1,4213 |
50,596 |
|
1,4214 |
50,644 |
|
1,4215 |
50,691 |
|
1,4216 |
50,738 |
|
1,4217 |
50,786 |
|
1,4218 |
50,833 |
|
1,4219 |
50,880 |
|
1,4220 |
50,928 |
|
1,4221 |
50,975 |
|
1,4222 |
51,022 |
|
1,4223 |
51,069 |
|
1,4224 |
51,116 |
|
1,4225 |
51,164 |
|
1,4226 |
51,211 |
|
1,4227 |
51,258 |
|
1,4228 |
51305 |
|
1,4229 |
51,352 |
|
1,4230 |
51,399 |
|
1,4231 |
51,446 |
|
1,4232 |
51,493 |
|
1,4233 |
51,540 |
|
1,4234 |
51,587 |
|
1,4235 |
51,634 |
|
1,4236 |
51,681 |
|
1,4237 |
51,728 |
|
1,4238 |
51,775 |
|
1,4239 |
51,822 |
|
1,4240 |
51,869 |
|
1,4241 |
51,916 |
|
1,4242 |
51,963 |
|
1,4243 |
52,010 |
|
1,4244 |
52,057 |
|
1,4245 |
52,104 |
|
1,4246 |
52,150 |
|
1,4247 |
52,197 |
|
1,4248 |
52,244 |
|
1,4249 |
52,291 |
|
1,4250 |
52,338 |
|
1,4251 |
52,384 |
|
1,4252 |
52,431 |
|
1,4253 |
52,478 |
|
1,4254 |
52,524 |
|
1,4255 |
52,571 |
|
1,4256 |
52,618 |
|
1,4257 |
52,664 |
|
1,4258 |
52,711 |
|
1,4259 |
52,758 |
|
1,4260 |
52,804 |
|
1,4261 |
52,851 |
|
1,4261 |
52,897 |
|
1,4263 |
52,944 |
|
1,4264 |
52,990 |
|
1,4265 |
53,037 |
|
1,4266 |
53,083 |
|
1,4267 |
53,130 |
|
1,4268 |
53,176 |
|
1,4269 |
53,223 |
|
1,4270 |
53,269 |
|
1,4271 |
53,316 |
|
1,4272 |
53,362 |
|
1,4273 |
53,408 |
|
1,4274 |
53,455 |
|
1,4275 |
53,501 |
|
1,4276 |
53,548 |
|
1,4277 |
53,594 |
|
1,4278 |
53,640 |
|
1,4279 |
53,686 |
|
1,4280 |
53,733 |
|
1,4281 |
53,779 |
|
1,4282 |
53,825 |
|
1,4283 |
53,871 |
|
1,4284 |
53,918 |
|
1,4285 |
53,964 |
|
1,4286 |
54,010 |
|
1,4287 |
54,056 |
|
1,4288 |
54,102 |
|
1,4289 |
54,148 |
|
1,4290 |
54,194 |
|
1,4291 |
54,241 |
|
1,4292 |
54,287 |
|
1,4293 |
54,333 |
|
1,4294 |
54,379 |
|
1,4295 |
54,425 |
|
1,4296 |
54,471 |
|
1,4297 |
54,517 |
|
1,4298 |
54,563 |
|
1,4299 |
54,609 |
|
1,4300 |
54,655 |
|
1,4301 |
54,701 |
|
1,4302 |
54,746 |
|
1,4303 |
54,792 |
|
1,4304 |
54,838 |
|
1,4305 |
54,884 |
|
1,4306 |
54,930 |
|
1,4307 |
54,976 |
|
1,4308 |
55,022 |
|
1,4309 |
55067 |
|
1,4310 |
55,113 |
|
1,4311 |
55,159 |
|
1,4312 |
55,205 |
|
1,4313 |
55,250 |
|
1,4314 |
55,296 |
|
1,4315 |
55,342 |
|
1,4316 |
55,388 |
|
1,4317 |
55,433 |
|
1,4318 |
55,479 |
|
1,4319 |
55,524 |
|
1,4320 |
55,570 |
|
1,4321 |
55,616 |
|
1,4322 |
55,661 |
|
1,4323 |
55,707 |
|
1,4324 |
55,752 |
|
1,4325 |
55,798 |
|
1,4326 |
55,844 |
|
1,4327 |
55,889 |
|
1,4328 |
55,935 |
|
1,4329 |
55,980 |
|
1,4330 |
56,026 |
|
1,4331 |
56,071 |
|
1,4332 |
56,116 |
|
1,4133 |
56,162 |
|
1,4334 |
56,207 |
|
1,4335 |
56,253 |
|
1,4336 |
56,298 |
|
1,4337 |
56,343 |
|
1,4338 |
56,389 |
|
1,4339 |
56,434 |
|
1,4340 |
56,479 |
|
1,4341 |
56,525 |
|
1,4342 |
56,570 |
|
1,4343 |
56,615 |
|
1,4344 |
56,660 |
|
1,4345 |
56,706 |
|
1,4346 |
56,751 |
|
1,4347 |
56,796 |
|
1,4348 |
56,841 |
|
1,4349 |
56,887 |
|
1,4350 |
56,932 |
|
1,4351 |
56,977 |
|
1,4352 |
57,022 |
|
1,4353 |
57,067 |
|
1,4354 |
57,112 |
|
1,4355 |
57,157 |
|
1,4356 |
57,202 |
|
1,4357 |
57,247 |
|
14358 |
57,292 |
|
1,4359 |
57,337 |
|
1,4360 |
57,382 |
|
1,4361 |
57,427 |
|
1,4362 |
57,472 |
|
1,4363 |
57,517 |
|
1,4364 |
57,562 |
|
1,4365 |
57,607 |
|
1,4366 |
57,652 |
|
1,4367 |
57,697 |
|
1,4368 |
57,742 |
|
1,4369 |
57,787 |
|
1,4370 |
57,832 |
|
1,4371 |
57,877 |
|
1,4372 |
57,921 |
|
1,4373 |
57,966 |
|
1,4374 |
58,011 |
|
1,4375 |
58,056 |
|
1,4376 |
58,101 |
|
1,4377 |
58,145 |
|
1,4378 |
58,190 |
|
1,4379 |
58,235 |
|
1,4380 |
58,279 |
|
1,4381 |
58,324 |
|
1,4382 |
58,369 |
|
1,4383 |
58,413 |
|
1,4384 |
53,458 |
|
1,4385 |
58,503 |
|
1,4386 |
58,547 |
|
1,4387 |
58,592 |
|
1,4388 |
58,637 |
|
1,4389 |
58,681 |
|
1,4390 |
58,726 |
|
1,4391 |
58,770 |
|
1,4392 |
58,815 |
|
1,4393 |
58,859 |
|
1,4394 |
58,904 |
|
1,4395 |
58,948 |
|
1,4396 |
58,993 |
|
1,4397 |
59,037 |
|
1,4398 |
59,082 |
|
1,4399 |
59,126 |
|
1,4400 |
59,170 |
|
1,4401 |
59,215 |
|
1,4402 |
59,259 |
|
1,4403 |
59,304 |
|
1,4404 |
59,348 |
|
1,4405 |
59,392 |
|
1,4406 |
59,437 |
|
1,4407 |
59,481 |
|
1,4408 |
59,525 |
|
1,4409 |
59,569 |
|
1,4410 |
59,614 |
|
1,4411 |
59,658 |
|
1,4412 |
59,702 |
|
1,4413 |
59,746 |
|
1,4414 |
59,791 |
|
1,4415 |
59,835 |
|
1,4416 |
59,879 |
|
1,4417 |
59,923 |
|
1,4418 |
59,967 |
|
1,4419 |
60,011 |
|
1,4420 |
60,056 |
|
1,4421 |
60,100 |
|
1,4422 |
60,144 |
|
1,4423 |
60,188 |
|
1,4424 |
60,232 |
|
1,4425 |
60,276 |
|
1,4426 |
60,320 |
|
1,4427 |
60,364 |
|
1,4428 |
60,408 |
|
1,4429 |
60,452 |
|
1,4430 |
60,496 |
|
1,4431 |
60,540 |
|
1,4432 |
60,584 |
|
1,4433 |
60,628 |
|
1,4434 |
60,672 |
|
1,4435 |
60,716 |
|
1,4436 |
60,759 |
|
1,4437 |
60,803 |
|
1,4438 |
60,847 |
|
1,4439 |
60,891 |
|
1,4440 |
60,935 |
|
1,4441 |
60,979 |
|
1,4442 |
61,023 |
|
1,4443 |
61,066 |
|
1,4444 |
61,110 |
|
1,4445 |
61,154 |
|
1,4446 |
61,198 |
|
1,4447 |
61,241 |
|
1,4448 |
61,285 |
|
1,4449 |
61,329 |
|
1,4450 |
61,372 |
|
1,4451 |
61,416 |
|
1,4452 |
61,460 |
|
1,4453 |
61,503 |
|
1,4454 |
61,547 |
|
1,4455 |
61,591 |
|
1,4456 |
61,634 |
|
1,4457 |
61,678 |
|
1,4458 |
61,721 |
|
1,4459 |
61,765 |
|
1,4460 |
61,809 |
|
1,4461 |
61,852 |
|
1,4462 |
61,896 |
|
1,4463 |
61,939 |
|
1,4464 |
62,983 |
|
1,4465 |
62,026 |
|
1,4466 |
62,070 |
|
1,4467 |
62,113 |
|
1,4468 |
62,156 |
|
1,4469 |
62,200 |
|
1,4470 |
62,243 |
|
1,4471 |
62,287 |
|
1,4472 |
62,330 |
|
1,4473 |
62,373 |
|
1,4474 |
62,417 |
|
1,4475 |
62,460 |
|
1,4476 |
62,503 |
|
1,4477 |
62,547 |
|
1,4478 |
62,590 |
|
14479 |
62,633 |
|
1,4480 |
62,677 |
|
1,4481 |
62,720 |
|
1,4482 |
62,763 |
|
1,4483 |
62,806 |
|
1,4184 |
62,849 |
|
1,4485 |
62,893 |
|
1,4486 |
62,936 |
|
1,4487 |
62,979 |
|
1,4488 |
63,022 |
|
1,4489 |
63,065 |
|
1,4490 |
63,108 |
|
1,4491 |
63,152 |
|
1,4492 |
63,195 |
|
1,4493 |
63,238 |
|
1,4494 |
63,281 |
|
1,4495 |
63,324 |
|
1,4496 |
63,367 |
|
1,4497 |
63,410 |
|
1,4498 |
63,453 |
|
1,4499 |
63,496 |
|
1,4500 |
63,539 |
|
1,4501 |
63,582 |
|
1,4502 |
63,625 |
|
1,4503 |
63,668 |
|
1,4304 |
63,711 |
|
1,4505 |
63,754 |
|
1,4506 |
63,797 |
|
1,4507 |
63,840 |
|
1,4508 |
63,882 |
|
1,4509 |
63,925 |
|
1,4510 |
63,968 |
|
1,4511 |
64,011 |
|
1,4512 |
64,054 |
|
1,4513 |
64,097 |
|
1,4514 |
64,139 |
|
1,4515 |
64,182 |
|
1,4516 |
64,225 |
|
1,4517 |
64,268 |
|
1,4518 |
64,311 |
|
1,4519 |
64,353 |
|
1,4520 |
64,396 |
|
1,4521 |
64,439 |
|
1,4522 |
64,481 |
|
1,4523 |
64,524 |
|
1,4524 |
64,567 |
|
1,4525 |
64,609 |
|
1,4526 |
64,652 |
|
1,4527 |
64,695 |
|
1,4528 |
64,737 |
|
1,4529 |
64,780 |
|
1,4530 |
64,823 |
|
1,4531 |
64,865 |
|
1,4532 |
64,908 |
|
1,4533 |
64,950 |
|
1,4534 |
64,993 |
|
1,4535 |
65,035 |
|
1,4536 |
65,078 |
|
1,4537 |
65,120 |
|
1,4538 |
65,163 |
|
1,4539 |
65,205 |
|
1,4540 |
65,248 |
|
1,4541 |
65,290 |
|
1,4542 |
65,333 |
|
1,4543 |
65,375 |
|
1,4544 |
65,417 |
|
1,4545 |
65,460 |
|
1,4546 |
65,502 |
|
1,4547 |
65,544 |
|
1,4548 |
65,587 |
|
1,4549 |
65,629 |
|
1,4550 |
65,672 |
|
1,4551 |
65,714 |
|
1,4552 |
65,756 |
|
1,4553 |
65,798 |
|
1,4554 |
65,841 |
|
1,4555 |
65,883 |
|
1,4556 |
65,925 |
|
1,4557 |
65,967 |
|
1,4558 |
66,010 |
|
1,4559 |
66,052 |
|
1,4560 |
66,094 |
|
1,4561 |
66,136 |
|
1,4562 |
66,178 |
|
1,4563 |
66,221 |
|
1,4564 |
66,263 |
|
1,4565 |
66,305 |
|
1,4566 |
66,347 |
|
1,4567 |
66,389 |
|
1,4568 |
66,431 |
|
1,4569 |
66,473 |
|
1,4570 |
66,515 |
|
1,4571 |
66,557 |
|
1,4572 |
66,599 |
|
1,4573 |
66,641 |
|
1,4574 |
66,683 |
|
1,4575 |
66,725 |
|
1,4576 |
66,767 |
|
1,4577 |
66,809 |
|
1,4578 |
66,851 |
|
1,4579 |
66,893 |
|
1,4580 |
66,935 |
|
1,4581 |
66,977 |
|
1,4582 |
67,019 |
|
1,4583 |
67,061 |
|
1,4584 |
67,103 |
|
1,4585 |
67,145 |
|
1,4586 |
67,186 |
|
1,4587 |
67,228 |
|
1,4588 |
67,270 |
|
1,4589 |
67,312 |
|
1,4590 |
67,354 |
|
1,4591 |
67,396 |
|
1,4592 |
67,437 |
|
1,4593 |
67,479 |
|
1,4594 |
67,521 |
|
1,4595 |
67,563 |
|
1,4596 |
67,604 |
|
1,4597 |
67,646 |
|
1,4598 |
67,688 |
|
1,4599 |
67,729 |
|
1,4600 |
67,771 |
|
1,4601 |
67,813 |
|
1,4602 |
67,854 |
|
1,4603 |
67,896 |
|
1,4604 |
67,938 |
|
1,4605 |
67,979 |
|
1,4606 |
68,021 |
|
1,4607 |
68,063 |
|
1,4608 |
68,104 |
|
1,4609 |
68,146 |
|
1,4610 |
68,187 |
|
1,4611 |
68,229 |
|
1,4611 |
68,270 |
|
1,4613 |
68,312 |
|
1,4614 |
68,353 |
|
1,4615 |
68,395 |
|
1,4616 |
68,436 |
|
1,4617 |
68,478 |
|
1,4618 |
68,519 |
|
1,4619 |
68,561 |
|
1,4620 |
68,602 |
|
1,4621 |
68,643 |
|
1,4622 |
68,685 |
|
1,4623 |
68,726 |
|
1,4624 |
68,768 |
|
1,4625 |
68,809 |
|
1,4626 |
68,850 |
|
1,4627 |
68,892 |
|
1,4628 |
68,933 |
|
1,4629 |
68,974 |
|
1,4630 |
69,016 |
|
1,4631 |
69,057 |
|
1,4632 |
69,098 |
|
1,4633 |
69,139 |
|
1,4634 |
69,181 |
|
1,4635 |
69,222 |
|
1,4636 |
69,263 |
|
1,4637 |
69,304 |
|
1,4638 |
69,346 |
|
1,4639 |
69,387 |
|
1,4640 |
69,428 |
|
1,4641 |
69,469 |
|
1,4642 |
69,510 |
|
1,4643 |
69,551 |
|
1,4644 |
69,593 |
|
1,4645 |
69,634 |
|
1,4646 |
69,675 |
|
1,4647 |
69,716 |
|
1,4648 |
69,757 |
|
1,4649 |
69,798 |
|
1,4650 |
69,839 |
|
1,4651 |
69,880 |
|
1,4652 |
69,921 |
|
1,4653 |
69,962 |
|
1,4654 |
70,003 |
|
1,4655 |
70,044 |
|
1,4656 |
70,085 |
|
1,4657 |
70,126 |
|
1,4658 |
70,167 |
|
1,4659 |
70,208 |
|
1,4660 |
70,249 |
|
1,4661 |
70,290 |
|
1,4662 |
70,331 |
|
1,4663 |
70,372 |
|
1,4664 |
70,413 |
|
1,4665 |
70,453 |
|
1,4666 |
70,494 |
|
1,4667 |
70,535 |
|
1,4668 |
70,576 |
|
1,4669 |
70,617 |
|
1,4670 |
70,658 |
|
1,4671 |
70,698 |
|
1,4672 |
70,739 |
|
1,4673 |
70,780 |
|
1,4674 |
70,821 |
|
1,4675 |
70,861 |
|
1,4676 |
70,902 |
|
1,4677 |
70,943 |
|
1,4678 |
70,984 |
|
1,4679 |
71024 |
|
1,4680 |
71,065 |
|
1,4681 |
71,106 |
|
1,4681 |
71,146 |
|
1,4683 |
71,187 |
|
1,4684 |
71,228 |
|
1,4685 |
71,268 |
|
1,4686 |
71,309 |
|
1,4687 |
71,349 |
|
1,4688 |
71,390 |
|
1,4689 |
71,431 |
|
1,4690 |
71,471 |
|
1,4691 |
71,512 |
|
1,4692 |
71,552 |
|
1,4693 |
71,593 |
|
1,4694 |
71,633 |
|
1,4695 |
71,674 |
|
1,4696 |
71,714 |
|
1,4697 |
71,755 |
|
1,4698 |
71,795 |
|
1,4699 |
71,836 |
|
1,4700 |
71,876 |
|
1,4701 |
71,917 |
|
1,4702 |
71,957 |
|
1,4703 |
71,998 |
|
1,4704 |
72,038 |
|
1,4705 |
72,078 |
|
1,4706 |
72,119 |
|
1,4707 |
72,159 |
|
1,4708 |
72,199 |
|
1,4709 |
72,240 |
|
1,4710 |
72,280 |
|
1,4711 |
72,320 |
|
1,4712 |
72,361 |
|
1,4713 |
72,401 |
|
1,4714 |
72,441 |
|
1,4715 |
72,482 |
|
1,4716 |
72,522 |
|
1,4717 |
72,562 |
|
1,4718 |
72,602 |
|
1,4719 |
72,643 |
|
1,4720 |
72,683 |
|
1,4721 |
72,723 |
|
1,4722 |
72,763 |
|
1,4723 |
72,803 |
|
1,4724 |
72,843 |
|
1,4725 |
72,884 |
|
1,4726 |
72924 |
|
1,4727 |
72,964 |
|
1,4728 |
73,004 |
|
1,4729 |
73,044 |
|
1,4730 |
73,084 |
|
1,4731 |
73,124 |
|
1,4732 |
73,164 |
|
1,4733 |
73,204 |
|
1,4734 |
73,244 |
|
1,4735 |
73,285 |
|
1,4736 |
73,325 |
|
1,4737 |
73,365 |
|
1,4738 |
73,405 |
|
1,4739 |
73,445 |
|
1,4740 |
73,485 |
|
1,4741 |
73,524 |
|
1,4742 |
73,564 |
|
1,4743 |
73,604 |
|
1,4744 |
73,644 |
|
1,4745 |
73,684 |
|
1,4746 |
73,724 |
|
1,4747 |
73,764 |
|
1,4748 |
73,804 |
|
1,4749 |
73,844 |
|
1,4750 |
73,884 |
|
1,4751 |
73,924 |
|
1,4752 |
73,963 |
|
1,4753 |
74,003 |
|
1,4754 |
74,043 |
|
1,4755 |
74,083 |
|
1,4756 |
74,123 |
|
1,4757 |
74,162 |
|
1,4758 |
74,202 |
|
1,4759 |
74,242 |
|
1,4760 |
74,282 |
|
1,4761 |
74,321 |
|
1,4762 |
74,361 |
|
1,4763 |
74,401 |
|
1,4764 |
74,441 |
|
1,4765 |
74,480 |
|
1,4766 |
74,520 |
|
1,4767 |
74,560 |
|
1,4768 |
74,599 |
|
1,4769 |
74,639 |
|
1,4770 |
74,678 |
|
1,4771 |
74,718 |
|
1,1772 |
74,758 |
|
1,4773 |
74,797 |
|
1,4774 |
74,837 |
|
1,4775 |
74,876 |
|
1,4776 |
74,916 |
|
1,4777 |
74,956 |
|
1,4778 |
74,995 |
|
1,4779 |
75,035 |
|
1,4780 |
75,074 |
|
1,1781 |
75,114 |
|
1,4782 |
75,153 |
|
1,4783 |
75,193 |
|
1,4784 |
75,232 |
|
1,4785 |
75,272 |
|
1,4786 |
75,311 |
|
1,4787 |
75,350 |
|
1,4788 |
75,390 |
|
1,4789 |
75,429 |
|
1,4790 |
75,469 |
|
1,4791 |
75,508 |
|
1,4792 |
75,547 |
|
1,4793 |
75,587 |
|
1,4794 |
75,626 |
|
1,4795 |
75,666 |
|
1,4796 |
75,705 |
|
1,4797 |
75,744 |
|
1,4798 |
75,784 |
|
1,4799 |
75,823 |
|
1,4800 |
75,862 |
|
1,4801 |
75,901 |
|
1,4802 |
75,941 |
|
1,4803 |
75,980 |
|
1,4804 |
76,019 |
|
1,4805 |
76,058 |
|
1,4806 |
76,098 |
|
1,4807 |
76,137 |
|
1,4808 |
76,176 |
|
1,4809 |
76,215 |
|
1,4810 |
76,254 |
|
1,4810 |
76,294 |
|
1,4812 |
76,333 |
|
1,4813 |
76,372 |
|
1,4814 |
76,411 |
|
1,4815 |
76,450 |
|
1,4816 |
76,489 |
|
1,4817 |
76,528 |
|
1,4818 |
76,567 |
|
1,4819 |
76,607 |
|
1,4820 |
76,646 |
|
1,4821 |
76,685 |
|
1,4822 |
76,724 |
|
1,4823 |
76,763 |
|
1,4824 |
76,802 |
|
1,4825 |
76,841 |
|
1,4826 |
76,880 |
|
1,4827 |
76,919 |
|
1,4828 |
76,958 |
|
1,4829 |
76,997 |
|
1,4830 |
77,036 |
|
1,4831 |
77,075 |
|
1,4832 |
77,113 |
|
1,4833 |
77,152 |
|
1,4834 |
77,191 |
|
1,4835 |
77,230 |
|
1&xxxx;4336 |
77269 |
|
1,4837 |
77,308 |
|
1,4838 |
77,347 |
|
1,4839 |
77,386 |
|
1,4840 |
77,425 |
|
1,4841 |
77,463 |
|
1,4842 |
77,502 |
|
1,4843 |
77,541 |
|
1,4844 |
77,580 |
|
1,4845 |
77,619 |
|
1,4846 |
77,657 |
|
1,4847 |
77,696 |
|
1,4848 |
77,735 |
|
1,4849 |
77,774 |
|
1,4850 |
77,812 |
|
1,4851 |
77,851 |
|
1,4852 |
77,890 |
|
1,4853 |
77,928 |
|
1,4854 |
77,967 |
|
1,4855 |
78,006 |
|
1,4856 |
78,045 |
|
1,4857 |
78,083 |
|
1,4858 |
78,122 |
|
1,4859 |
78,160 |
|
1,4860 |
78,199 |
|
1,4861 |
78,238 |
|
1,4862 |
78,276 |
|
1,4863 |
78,315 |
|
1,4864 |
78,353 |
|
1,4865 |
78,392 |
|
1,4866 |
78,431 |
|
1,4867 |
78,469 |
|
1,4868 |
78,508 |
|
1,4869 |
78,546 |
|
1,4870 |
78,585 |
|
1,4871 |
78,623 |
|
1,4872 |
78,662 |
|
1,4873 |
78,700 |
|
1,4874 |
78,739 |
|
1,4875 |
78,777 |
|
1,4876 |
78,816 |
|
1,4877 |
78,854 |
|
1,4878 |
78,892 |
|
1,4879 |
78,931 |
|
1,4880 |
78,969 |
|
1,4881 |
79,008 |
|
1,4882 |
79,046 |
|
1,4883 |
79,084 |
|
1,4884 |
79,123 |
|
1,4885 |
79,161 |
|
1,4886 |
79,199 |
|
1,4887 |
79,238 |
|
1,4888 |
79,276 |
|
1,4889 |
79,314 |
|
1,4890 |
79,353 |
|
1,4891 |
79,391 |
|
1,4892 |
79,429 |
|
1,4893 |
79,468 |
|
1,4894 |
79,506 |
|
1,4895 |
79,544 |
|
1,4896 |
79,582 |
|
1,4897 |
79,620 |
|
1,4898 |
79,659 |
|
1,4899 |
79,697 |
|
1,4900 |
79,735 |
|
1,4901 |
79,773 |
|
1,4902 |
79,811 |
|
1,4903 |
79,850 |
|
1,4904 |
79,888 |
|
1,4905 |
79,926 |
|
1,4906 |
79,964 |
|
1,4907 |
80,002 |
|
1,4908 |
80,040 |
|
1,4909 |
80,078 |
|
1,4910 |
80,116 |
|
1,4911 |
80,154 |
|
1,4912 |
80,192 |
|
1,4913 |
80,231 |
|
1,4914 |
80,269 |
|
1,4915 |
80,307 |
|
1,4916 |
80,345 |
|
1,4917 |
80,383 |
|
1,4918 |
80,421 |
|
1,4919 |
80,459 |
|
1,4920 |
80,497 |
|
1,4921 |
80,534 |
|
1,4922 |
80,572 |
|
1,4923 |
80,610 |
|
1,4924 |
80,648 |
|
1,4925 |
80,686 |
|
1,4926 |
80,724 |
|
1,4927 |
80,762 |
|
1,4928 |
80,800 |
|
1,4929 |
80,838 |
|
1,4930 |
80,876 |
|
1,4931 |
80,913 |
|
1,4932 |
80,951 |
|
1,4933 |
80,989 |
|
1,4934 |
81,027 |
|
1,4935 |
81,065 |
|
1,4936 |
81,103 |
|
1,4937 |
81,140 |
|
1,4938 |
81,178 |
|
1,4939 |
81,216 |
|
1,4940 |
81,254 |
|
1,4941 |
81,291 |
|
1,4942 |
81,329 |
|
1,4943 |
81,367 |
|
1,4944 |
81,405 |
|
1,4945 |
81,442 |
|
1,4946 |
81,480 |
|
1,4947 |
81,518 |
|
1,4948 |
81,555 |
|
1,4949 |
81,593 |
|
1,4950 |
81,631 |
|
1,4951 |
81,668 |
|
1,4952 |
81,706 |
|
1,4953 |
81,744 |
|
1,4954 |
81,781 |
|
1,4955 |
81,819 |
|
1,4956 |
81,856 |
|
1,4957 |
81,894 |
|
1,4958 |
81,932 |
|
1,4959 |
81,969 |
|
1,4960 |
82,007 |
|
1,4961 |
82,044 |
|
1,4962 |
82,082 |
|
1,4963 |
82,119 |
|
1,4964 |
82,157 |
|
1,4965 |
82,194 |
|
1,4966 |
82,232 |
|
1,4967 |
82,269 |
|
1,4968 |
82,307 |
|
1,4969 |
82,344 |
|
1,4970 |
82,381 |
|
1,4971 |
82,419 |
|
1,4972 |
82,456 |
|
1,4973 |
82,494 |
|
1,4974 |
87,531 |
|
1,4975 |
82,569 |
|
1,9976 |
82,606 |
|
1,4977 |
82,643 |
|
1,4978 |
82,681 |
|
1,4979 |
82,718 |
|
1,4980 |
82,755 |
|
1,4981 |
82,793 |
|
1,4982 |
82,830 |
|
1,4983 |
82,867 |
|
1,4984 |
82,905 |
|
1,4985 |
82,942 |
|
1,4986 |
82,979 |
|
1,4987 |
83,016 |
|
1,4988 |
83,054 |
|
1,4989 |
83,091 |
|
14990 |
83,128 |
|
1,4991 |
83,165 |
|
1,4992 |
83,202 |
|
1,4993 |
83,240 |
|
1,4994 |
83,277 |
|
1,4995 |
83,314 |
|
1,4996 |
83,351 |
|
1,4997 |
83,388 |
|
1,4998 |
83,425 |
|
14999 |
83,463 |
|
1,5000 |
83,500 |
|
1,5001 |
83,537 |
|
1,5002 |
83,574 |
|
1,5003 |
83,611 |
|
1,5004 |
83,648 |
|
1,5005 |
83,685 |
|
1,5006 |
83,722 |
|
1,5007 |
83,759 |
|
1,5008 |
83,796 |
|
1,5009 |
83,833 |
|
1,5010 |
83,870 |
|
1,5011 |
83,907 |
|
1,5012 |
83,944 |
|
1,5013 |
83,981 |
|
1,5014 |
84,018 |
|
1,5015 |
84,055 |
|
1,5016 |
84,092 |
|
1,5017 |
84,129 |
|
1,5018 |
84,166 |
|
1,5019 |
84,203 |
|
1,5020 |
84,240 |
|
1,5021 |
84,277 |
|
1,5022 |
84,314 |
|
1,5023 |
84,351 |
|
1,5024 |
84,388 |
|
1,5025 |
84,424 |
|
1,5026 |
84,461 |
|
1,5027 |
84,498 |
|
1,5028 |
84,535 |
|
1,5029 |
84,572 |
|
1,5030 |
84,609 |
|
1,5031 |
84,645 |
|
1&xxxx;5032 |
84,682 |
|
1,5033 |
84,719 |
|
1,5034 |
84,756 |
|
1,5035 |
84,792 |
|
1,5036 |
84,829 |
|
1,5037 |
84,866 |
|
1,5038 |
84,903 |
|
1,5039 |
84,939 |
|
1,5040 |
84,976 |
|
1,5041 |
85,013 |
|
1,5042 |
85,049 |
|
1,5043 |
85,086 |
|
1,5044 |
85,123 |
|
1,5045 |
85,159 |
|
1,5046 |
85,196 |
|
1,5047 |
85,233 |
|
1,5048 |
85,269 |
|
1,5049 |
85,306 |
|
1,5050 |
85,343 |
|
1,5051 |
85,379 |
|
1,5052 |
85,416 |
|
1,5053 |
85,452 |
|
1,5054 |
85,489 |
|
1,5055 |
85,525 |
|
1,5056 |
85,562 |
|
1,5057 |
85,598 |
|
1,5058 |
85,635 |
|
1,5059 |
85,672 |
|
1,5060 |
85,708 |
|
1,5061 |
85,744 |
|
1,5062 |
85,781 |
|
1,5063 |
85,817 |
|
1,5064 |
85,854 |
|
1,5065 |
85,890 |
|
1,5066 |
85,927 |
|
1,5067 |
85,963 |
|
1,5068 |
86,000 |
|
1,5069 |
86,036 |
|
1,5070 |
86,072 |
|
1,5071 |
86,109 |
|
1,5072 |
86,145 |
|
1,5073 |
86,182 |
|
1,5074 |
86,218 |
|
1,5075 |
86,254 |
|
1,5076 |
86,291 |
|
1,5077 |
86,327 |
|
1,5078 |
86,363 |
|
1,5079 |
86,399 |
[1] Hodnoty x x těchto xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx, jejímž xxxxxxx pro XXXXXX xx X. Xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx xxxx naprogramována x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx G. Xxxxxxxxxxx x XXXX x xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx v Xxxxx X. 33, 15-22 (xxxxxx 1970). Xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxx při 20 °X xxxxxx X xxxx Xx. Xxxx (xxxxxxxx hmotnostní xxxxxxxxx) xxx získán xxxxxxx xxx 20 °X xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxx 760 torrů (xx Hg) x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx předchozí (47&xxxx;012, xxxxxx 11) publikovanou x Intern. Sugar X. 39, 22 (1937).
XXXXXX 4
STANOVENÍ XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX JAKO XXXXXXXX XXXXX
(Xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxx)
1. Xxxxxxx a oblast xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx slouží xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx cukrů xxxxxxxxxxx jako xxxxxxxx xxxx x xxxxx xxxxxxxxx
2. Xxxxxxxx
„Xxxxxxxxxx cukry xxxxxxxxx xxxx invertní xxxx“: obsah redukujících xxxxx stanovený xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
3. Podstata metody
Roztok xxxxxx s obsahem xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx XX. Xxxxxxx oxid xxxxx se xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx (xx xxxxxx xxxxxx), xxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx roztokem xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (xx xxxxxx titrem).
4. Reakční xxxxxxx
4.1 Xxxxxx Cu XX (Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx)
4.1.1 Xx 400 xx xxxxxx xxxx se xxxxxxxx 35 g xxxxxx měďnatého xxxxxxxxxxxx (XxXX4 5H2O) x xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx.
4.1.2 X 500 ml xxxxxx vody xx xxxxxxxx 173 g xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx (Xxxxxxxxxx xxxx Seignettova xxx, KNaC4H4O6,4H2O) x 68 x bezvodého xxxxxxxxxx sodného a xxxxx se xxxxxxxxxxx.
4.1.3 Xxx roztoky (4.1.1 x 4.1.2) xx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx xx xxxxx xx 1 litru. Xx xxxxxxx 2 x xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx obsah protřepe, xxxxx se několik xxxxx xxxx a xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx papírový xxxx membránový xxxxx.
Xxxxx xx x průběhu xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx, je xxxxx xxxxxx znovu xxxxxxxxxxxx.
4.2 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxxxx 5 xxx/x.
4.3 Roztok xxxx, 0,01665 xxx/x (0,0333X; 4,2258 x/x).
4.4 Xxxxxx thiosíranu xxxxxxx, xxxxxx 0,0333 xxx/x.
4.5 Xxxxxx škrobu: do xxxxx xxxxxx vody xx přilije směs 5 x rozpustného xxxxxx rozmíchaného xx 30 xx xxxx, xxxxxx xx 3 xxxxxx a xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx. X xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx 10 xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
5. Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx
5.1 Erlenmeyerova baňka, 300 ml; přesné xxxxxx a pipety.
5.2 Xxxxx lázeň, xxxxxx.
6. Xxxxxx
6.1 Do 300 xx Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxx část xxxxxx (10 g xxxx xxxx), xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx 30 xx invertního xxxxx, x rozpustí xx xxxxxxxxx xx 100 xx xxxx.
Xx xxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx odpipetuje 10 ml xxxxxxx Xx XX (4.1), xxxxx xx krouživým xxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxx xx vloží xx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx (5.2) xx xxxx přesně 10 xxxxx.
Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx x Xxxxxxxxxxxxx baňce xxxx xxx nejméně 20 xx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xx vodní xxxxx. Xxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxx proudem xxxxxxx xxxx, xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx oxidu xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx kyslíkem.
Bez xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx pipetou xxxxx 5 ml xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx (4.2) x xxxxxxxxxxx 5 xxx/x a xxxxx xxxx se xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx (20 až 40 xx) roztoku xxxx (4.3) x xxxxxxxxxxx 0,016 65 mol/l.
Sraženina xxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx a xxxxxxxx xxxx xx titruje xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (4.4) o xxxxxxxxxxx 0,0333 xxx/x xxx xxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxx (4.5) xxxx xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxx se xxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxx.
6.2 X vodou se xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx, xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx použití xxxxxx roztoku Xx XX (4.4). Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx nepřekročí 0,1 xx.
6.3 X xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx se xx xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxxx xx xxxxx stát xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxx 10 xxxxx, xxx mohlo xxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx, xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx.
7. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
7.1 Vzorec x postup výpočtu
Objem xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xx rovná xxxxxx (xx) xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx (0,016 65 xxx/x) xxxxx xxxxx (xx) roztoku xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (0,0333 xxx/x) xxxxxxxxxxxxxx při xxxxxxx.
Xxxxx (xx) xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx jódu (0,016 65 mol/l) xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx:
7.1.1 xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxx (6.2),
7.1.2 počtu xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx při xxxxxxxxx zkoušce x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx (6.3),
7.1.3 objemu 2,0 xx na xxxxxxx 10 x xxxxxxxxx přítomné x xxxxxxxx alikvotním xxxxxx xxxx úměrného xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx-xx xxxxxx xxxx xxx 10 x xxxxxxxxx (korekce xx xxxxxxxxx).
Xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx odpovídá xxxxxxxx 1 xx jodového xxxxxxx (4.3) 1 xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx.
Xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxx vzorce:
kde:
V1 = xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx roztoku (4.3) xx xxxxxxx,
x0 = xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (x).
7.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx mezi xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx x xxxxx vzorku xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx za xxxxxxxxx podmínek xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx 0,02 g xx 100 x xxxxxx.
XXXXXX 5
XXXXXXXXX REDUKUJÍCÍCH XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX
(Xxxxxx xxxxx Xxxxxxx x Allena)
1. Předmět x oblast xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx cukr
- x xxxxx xxxx x xxxxx xxxxx,
- x cukru extra xxxxx.
2. Xxxxxxxx
„Xxxxxxxxxx cukry xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx“: xxxxx redukujících xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
3. Xxxxxxxx metody
K xxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx s xxxxxxx Xx II, zredukovaný x xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx pak stanoví xxxxxxx titrací x xxxxxxxx XXXX.
4. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
4.1 Xxxxxxxx ethylendiamintetraoctová (xxxxxxxxx xxx) (XXXX), xxxxxx 0,0025 mol/l: xxxxxxxx se 0,930 x XXXX xx xxxx a doplní xx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx.
4.2 Roztok xxxxxxxxxx murexidu: 0,25 x murexidu se xxxxx xx 50 xx xxxx x xxxxxx xx s 20 xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx x koncentraci 0,2 x/100 xx.
4.3 Alkalické xxxxxxx xxxxxxx: x 600 xx vody xxxxxxxxxx 40 ml xxxxxxxxx sodného o xxxxxxxxxxx 1,0 xxx/x xx xxxxxxxx 25 x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x 25 x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxxx x 100 xx xxxx xx xxxxxxxx 6,0 x síranu xxxxxxxxx – pentahydrátu (XxXX4 5X2X), xxxxxxx roztok xx přidá x xxxxxxx vinanu x xxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx: Xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx trvanlivost (xxxxx xxxxx).
4.4 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx invertního cukru: x odměrné xxxxx x objemu 250 xx xx xxxxxxxx 23,750 x xxxxx xxxxxxxxx (4.5) asi xx 120 xx xxxx. Xxxxx xx 9 xx kyseliny xxxxxxxxxxxxxx (X20 = 1,16) x xxxxx xx stát xxx xxxxxxxxxxx teplotě xx xxxx 8 dní. Xxxxxx xx xxxxxx xx 250 xx x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx polarimetru xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx při xxxxxxx xxxxxxx x délce 200 mm. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xx xxxxxx 11,80 ± 0,05°X (xxx xxxxxxxx 8). 200 xx xxxxxx roztoku xx xxxxxxxxxx xx odměrné xxxxx x xxxxxx 2000 ml, xxxxx xx vodou a xx xxxxxxx protřepávání (xxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx) xx xxxxx 71,4 xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (1 xxx/x), ve xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx 4 x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxxxx se xxxxxx xx 2000 ml, xx. xxx xxxxxxxxx 1 x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx 100 xx; xxxxxxx xX xxxxxxx xx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx 3.
Xxxxx xxxxx zásobní xxxxxx xx ředí pouze xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx.
4.5 Xxxxx xxxxxxxxx: xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx invertního cukru xxxxxxx 0,001 x/100 x.
5. Přístroje x xxxxxxx
5.1 Zkumavky 150 x 20 xx.
5.2 Xxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx.
5.3 Xxxxxxxxxx váhy xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 xx.
6. Xxxxxx
6.1 Xx zkumavce (5.1) xx xxxxxxxx 5 x vzorku cukru x 5 ml xxxxxxx xxxx, xxxxxxx xx 2,0 ml xxxxxxxxx činidla (4.3) x xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxx se xxxxxx xx xxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxx 5 xxxxx a xxxx xx xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx.
6.2 Roztok xx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx, s xxxxxxxx xx nejmenšího xxxxxxxx xxxx, xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx (5.2), xxxxxxx se xxx kapky xxxxxxxxxx (4.2) a xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx XXXX (4.1). Titrační xxxxxxxx x xx se xxxxxx jako V0.
Těsně xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx roztoku xxxxx xx zelené xxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx x konečném xxxx. Xxxxxxxxx barva xxxxxx mizí v xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx oxidu xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx oxidace xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx zredukované xxxx. Xxxxx xx při xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx.
6.3 Sestrojí xx kalibrační xxxxxx xx základě xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx (příslušně xxxxxxx xxxxxx 4.4) x 5 g xxxxx xxxxxxxxx (4.5) x xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx studené xxxx xxx, xxx xxxxxxx objem xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx 5 xx. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (xx) xx vynese xx grafu proti xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx invertního xxxxx xxxxxxxxx k 5 x xxxxxxxxx; xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx x xxxxxxx 0,001 xx 0,019 x xx 100 x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx, xxxx. 100 x xxxxxx.
7. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
7.1 Xxxxxx xxxxxxx
X kalibrační xxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx cukru (x xxxxxxxxxx) xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx EDTA X0 xx při analýze xxxxxx.
7.2 Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx vyšší xxxxxxxxxxx xxx 0,017 x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx 100 x analyzovaného xxxxxx, xxxx xx xxxxxxxxx snížit množství xxxxxx x xxxx 6.1, xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx však musí xxxxxxx do 5 x xxxxxx sacharosou (4.5).
7.3 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx mezi xxxxxxxx dvou xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx zároveň nebo xxxxxx xx sebou x téhož vzorku xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx za xxxxxxxxx podmínek xxxxx xxx větší xxx 0,005 x na 100 g xxxxxx.
8. Xxxxxxxx
Xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx °S xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx x °X xxxx 2,889 (xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x délce 200 xx; sodíková výbojka xxxx světelný xxxxx; xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx, xx xxxxx xx možné udržovat xxxxxxx xxxxx 20 °X).
XXXXXX 6
XXXXXXXXX REDUKUJÍCÍCH XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX
(Xxxxxx xxxxx Xxxxx x Xxxxxxxx)
1. Xxxxxxx x oblast xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx
1.1 xxxxxx redukujících xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx jako xxxxxxxx xxxx
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx cukru,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
- x sirupu x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx;
1.2 obsahu xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx vyjádřeného x xxxxxxxxxxx (vztaženo xx xxxxxx) xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
- xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx,
- v xxxxxxx škrobovém xxxxxx;
1.3 xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx cukrů xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx D-glukosa
- x dextrose xxxxxxxxxxx,
- x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
2. Xxxxxxxx
„Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx invertní cukry, X-xxxxxxx nebo xxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx": xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx vypočtený xxxx xxxxxxxx cukr, Xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx ekvivalent xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
3. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xxxxxx s xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxx (a x xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx) xx xxxxxxxxxxxx podmínek x bodu varu x xxxxxxxx Xx XX, xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx Xx X. Xxxxxxxx Xx XX xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx.
4. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
4.1 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx X: 21,95 x octanu xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx, (Zn(CH3COO)22H2O) nebo 24 x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, (Zn(CH3COO)2-3H2O) xx spolu x xxxxxxxxx 3 xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx x doplní vodou xx 100 xx.
4.2 Xxxxxxxx roztok XX: 10,6 g xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx (X4[Xx(XX)6]-3X2X) xx rozpustí xx xxxx x xxxxxx xxxxx do 100 xx.
4.3 Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx: xxxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx:
4.3.1 Roztok xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx: 25 x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx (XxXX45X2X) xxxxxxxxxxxxxx železo xx xxxxxxxx xx 100 xx xxxx.
4.3.2 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxx citrónové: 50 x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx monohydrátu (X6X8X7-X2X) xx xxxxxxxx x 50 ml xxxx.
4.3.3 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx: 143,8 x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx sodného xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x 300 xx xxxxx xxxx x nechá xx xxxxxxxxxxx.
4.3.4 K xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (4.3.3) x litrové xxxxxxx baňce xx xx mírného xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx přidává xxxxxx kyseliny xxxxxxxxx (4.3.2). Xxxxx xx xxxxx, dokud se xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx, xxx se přidá xxxxxx síranu xxxxxxxxx (4.3.1) x xxxxx xx xxxxxx xx 1000 ml. Xxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx xxxx xxx, x xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx přefiltruje. Provede xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx v xxxx 6.1 (Xx 0,1 mol/l; Xx2XX3 1 xxx/x).
4.4 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, 0,1 xxx/x.
4.5 Xxxxxx xxxxxx: xx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxx se xxxxxxx 5 x xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx rozmíchaného ve 30 xx vody. Xxxxxx se 3 xxxxxx x xxxxx xx vychladnout; xx-xx xxxxx, xxxxx se 10 xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx jako xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
4.6 Kyselina xxxxxx, 3 xxx/x.
4.7 Xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, 30 % (m/V).
4.8 Xxxxxx xxxxx, vyvařené x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx a xxxxxxxx.
4.9 Xxxxxxxxxxx.
4.10 Xxxxxxxx xxxxx, 0,1 xxx/x.
4.11 Xxxxxxxx chlorovodíková, 0,1 xxx/x.
4.12 Xxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (x/X) v xxxxxxxx.
5. Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx
5.1 Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx, x xxxxxx 300 xx, se xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx.
5.2 Xxxxxx.
6. Xxxxxx
6.1 Xxxxxxxxx xxxxx Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (4.3):
6.1.1 Xx 25 xx Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (4.3) xx xxxxxxx 3 g xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx x 25 xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx o xxxxxxxxxxx 3 xxx/x (4.6).
Xxxxxxx xx roztokem xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx o koncentraci 0,1 xxx/x (4.4) xx použití xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (4.5) jako xxxxxxxxxx, který se xxxxx xx ke xxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx 0,1 xxx/x xxxxx 25 ml, xxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx.
6.1.2 Odpipetuje xx 10 xx xxxxxxx xx 100ml xxxxxxx xxxxx x po xxxxx xx doplní xxxxx.
10 xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx do Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx 25 xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx x koncentraci 0,1 xxx/x (4.11) x xxxxxxx xx xx xxxx jedné hodiny xx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx. Xxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxx xx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx čerstvě xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx a titruje xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx 0,1 xxx/x (4.10) xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx (4.12) xxxx xxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx sodného, 0,1 xxx/x (4.10) xxxx xxx xxxx 5,5 x 6,5 xx.
6.1.3 10 xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (6.1.2) xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, 0,1 xxx/x (4.11) xx použití xxxxxxxxxxxxx (4.12) xxxx indikátoru. Xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ztrátou xxxxxxxxx zbarvení.
Spotřeba xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx, 0,1 xxx/x (4.11) musí xxx xxxx 6,0 x 7,5 xx.
6.1.4 Xxxxxxx pH Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxx 9,3 x 9,4 xxx 20 °X.
6.2 Příprava xxxxxxx
6.2.1 Xxxxxx xx 5 x xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xx 1 xx x xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx převede xx xxxxxxx baňky x xxxxxx 250 ml xxxxxxxxxx 200 xx xxxx. V případě xxxxxxx se xxxxxx xxxxxxxx 5 xx Xxxxxxxxx roztoku X (4.1), xxx se xxxxx 5 xx Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx XX (4.2). Po xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx se xxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxx xx 250 xx x dobře promíchá. X případě potřeby xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx.
6.2.2 Xxxxxx (6.2.1) xx xxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx se x 25 ml xxxxxxx pohyboval v xxxxxxx 15 až 60 mg.
6.3 Xxxxxxx xxxxx Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xx 300 ml Xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx (5.1) se xxxxxxxxxx 25 xx Xxxxxxx-Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (4.3), xx xxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx 25 xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (6.2.2) x xxxxx se xxx xxxxxx pemzy (4.8). X xxxxx (5.1) xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx x aparatura xx xxxxx xxxxxx xx drátěnou xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx plamen Xxxxxxxxx kahanu. Xxxxx xx v azbestové xxxxx vyříznutý xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx, jako xx xxx xxxxx. Xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx uvede xx varu a xxxxx xx xxxxxx 10 xxxxx mírně xxxxx. Xxx se xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx x xx xxxx xxxxxxxx xx titruje podle xxxxxx postupu:
Přidá xx 10 xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx draselného (4.7), xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx se xxxxx opatrně (x xxxxxxx na xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx) 25 xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx x koncentraci 3 xxx/x (4.6). Xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x koncentraci 0,1 xxx/x (4.4), xxxxx xx roztok xxxxx xxxxxxxxx, pak xx xxxxx jako xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx (4.5) x xxxxxxxxx xx x titraci až xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxx xx slepý xxxxx x 25 xx vody xxxxx 25 xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (6.2.2).
7. Vyjádření xxxxxxxx
7.1 Xxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
X xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx se xxxxxx (xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx) hmotnost xxxxxxx nebo invertního xxxxx x xx, xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxxxx x xx xxxxxxx thiosíranu sodného x xxxxxxxxxxx 0,1 xxx/x.
Xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx (x/x) xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx nebo X-xxxxxxx, vztažených xx xxxxxx.
7.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx dvou xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx zároveň xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx x téhož vzorku xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx za xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxx xxx 0,2 ml.
8. Poznámka
Před xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx může xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx (4.9), aby xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx.
Xxxxxxx xxxxxx pro Xxxxxxx – Xxxxxxxxxx činidlo
|
0,1 xxx/x Xx2X2X3 |
Xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xxxx C6H12O6 |
|
|
ml |
mg |
rozdíl |
|
1 |
2,4 |
|
|
2 |
4,8 |
2,4 |
|
3 |
7,2 |
2,4 |
|
4 |
9,7 |
2,5 |
|
5 |
12,2 |
2,5 |
|
6 |
14,7 |
2,5 |
|
7 |
17,2 |
2,5 |
|
8 |
19,8 |
2,6 |
|
9 |
22,4 |
2,6 |
|
10 |
25,0 |
2,6 |
|
11 |
27,6 |
2,6 |
|
12 |
30,3 |
2,7 |
|
13 |
33,0 |
2,7 |
|
14 |
35,7 |
2,7 |
|
15 |
38,5 |
2,8 |
|
16 |
41,3 |
2,8 |
|
17 |
44,2 |
2,9 |
|
18 |
47,1 |
2,9 |
|
19 |
50,0 |
2,9 |
|
20 |
53,0 |
3,0 |
|
21 |
56,0 |
3,0 |
|
22 |
59,1 |
3,1 |
|
23 |
62,2 |
3,1 |
METODA 7
XXXXXXXXX REDUKUJÍCÍCH XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX
(Xxxxxx podle Lanea x Eynona – xxxxxxxxxx x konstantním xxxxxxx)
1. Xxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx slouží xx stanovení xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx jako xxxxxxxx xxxx
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
- x tekutém xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
- x xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx bílého.
2. Definice
"Redukující xxxxx vyjádřené jako xxxxxxxx xxxx": xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
3. Podstata xxxxxx
Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx roztoku x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx.
4. Xxxxxxx činidla
4.1 Fehlingův xxxxxx:
4.1.1 Xxxxxx X:
69,3 x xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx (XxXX4·5X2X) se xxxxxxxx xx xxxx x doplní xx xx 1000 ml.
4.1.2 Xxxxxx X:
346,0 x xxxxxx sodnodraselného tetrahydrátu (XXxX4X4X6·4X2X) x 100 x hydroxidu xxxxxxx xx rozpustí xx xxxx x xxxxxx xx 1000 ml. Xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx, xxxxx se xxxx xxxxx vytvořit.
Poznámka:
Tyto xxx roztoky xx xxxxx skladovat x xxxxxxx xxxx jantarově xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
4.2 Roztok xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, 1 xxx/x.
4.3 Standardní xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx cukru: 23,750 x xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx rozpustí asi xx 120 xx xxxx xx 250xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx baňce, přidá xx 9 xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx (xxxxxxx 1,16 x/xx) x xxxxx xx xxxx xxx laboratorní teplotě xx xxxx 8 xxx. Roztok se xxxxxx xx 250 xx a xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx se xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx nebo sacharometrem xxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx 200 xx. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xx xxxxxx 11,80 ± 0,05 °X (xxx xxxxxxxx 8). 200 xx xxxxxx roztoku xx odpipetuje xx 2000xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx, xxxxx xx vodou x za xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx (aby nedošlo x xxxxxxxxxx místnímu xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx) xx xxxxx 71,4 xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x koncentraci 1 xxx/x (4.2), ve xxxxxx jsou rozpuštěny 4 x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxxx xx xxxxxx xx 2000 xx, aby xxxxxxxx xxxxxx obsahoval 1 x invertního xxxxx xx 100 xx. Xxxxxxx xX xxxxxxx xx být xxxxxxxxx xxxxx 3.
Xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx roztok xx xx xxx xxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx o xxxxxxxxxxx 0,25 x/100 xx xx 250ml xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx zásobním xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx 1 x/100 ml xxx 20 °C. Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx do 1000 xx xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx se xxx 20 °X xx xxxxx vodou.
4.4 Xxxxxx methylenové xxxxx, 1 g/100 ml.
5. Xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx
5.1 Xxxxx baňky x xxxxx xxxxxx o xxxxxx 500 ml.
5.2 Xxxxxx x objemu 50 xx, xxxxxx xx 0,05 ml, x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
5.3 Xxxxxx s xxxxxxx xx 20, 25 x 50 xx.
5.4 Xxxxxxx baňky o xxxxxx 250, 1000 x 2000 ml.
5.5 Xxxxxxxx x ohřevu, xxxxxx pro udržování xxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxx 6.1 a umožňující xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxx, xxxx xx xx xxxxx xxxxx (5.1) xxxxxx přemístit xx xxxxxx tepla.
5.6 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx s přesností xxxxxxx xx 1 xxxxxxx.
6. Xxxxxx
6.1 Xxxxxxxxx xxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
6.1.1 Xx čisté x xxxxx kádinky xx xxxxxxxxxx 50 xx xxxxxxx X (4.1.2), xxxx 50 ml xxxxxxx A (4.1.1) x dobře xx xxxxxxxx.
6.1.2 Xxxxxx se xxxxxxxxxx a naplní 0,25 % (0,25 x/100 ml) xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx (4.3).
6.1.3 Xx 500 xx varné baňky (5.1) xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx 20 xx xxxxxxxx roztoku X a X (6.1.1) a přilije xx 15 xx xxxx. X xxxxxx xx do baňky xxxxxx 39 xx xxxxxxx invertního xxxxx, xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx a xxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
6.1.4 Xxxxx baňky se xxxxxxx x xxxx x nechá xx xxxxx xxxxxx dvě xxxxxx. Xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx baňka xxxxx xxxxxxx ze xxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxx dojít x xxxxxxxxx xxxx.
Xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx varu xx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx kapky xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx modři (4.4). Xxxxx xxxxxxx musí xxx xxxxxxx modrá.
6.1.5 Xxxxxxxxx xx x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx z xxxxxx, zpočátku xx 0,2 xx, pak xx 0,1 xx x xxxxxxx po xxxxxxx, xx se xxxxxxx konečného xxxx. Xxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx. Xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx měďného.
6.1.6 Xxxxxxxxx bodu titrace xx xxxx být xxxxxxxx xx xxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx. Konečná xxxxxxxx V0 xx xxxx pohybovat v xxxxxxx 39,0 xx 41,0 ml. Xx-xx xxxxxxx X0 mimo xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxx se xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xx Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx X (4.1.1) x xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx opakuje.
6.2 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xxxxxxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xx xxxxxxxxx v xxxxxxx 250 xx 400 mg xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx 100 xx.
6.3 Orientační xxxxxxx
6.3.1 Xx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx zkoušku xx xxxxxxxx potřebného xxxxxxxx xxxx x 20 xx xxxxxxxx roztoku X x X, xxxxx xxxxxxx, xx xxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx 75 xx.
Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxx návodu x bodě 6.1.4, xxxxx místo xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx invertního cukru xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx, xx. xx xxxxx se byretou xxxxxx 25 xx xxxxxxx vzorku, xxxxx xx 15 ml xxxx, xxxxx se 2 minuty povařit x xxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxxx xx xx dosažení xxxxxxxxx xxxx, xxx je xxxxxxx x bodě 6.1.5.
6.3.2 Xxxxx po xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx methylenové xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx, je použitý xxxxxx vzorku xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx. X xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x nižší xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx.
Xx-xx x xxxxxxxx načervenalého zbarvení xxxxxxxxx více než 50 ml roztoku xxxxxx, musí xx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxx koncentrací.
Množství xxxx, xxxxx xx xx xxxxxx, xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx Fehlingova roztoku (20 xx) x xxxxxx roztoku xxxxxx xx 75 ml.
6.4 Xxxxxxx analýza xxxxxxx xxxxxx
6.4.1 Xx varné xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx 20 xx směsného Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx a xxxxxxxx xxxx stanovené xxxxx xxxx 6.3.
6.4.2 X byrety se xxxxxx xxxxxx vzorku x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx 6.3, xxxxxxxx x 1 xx. Xxxxx se xxxxxxx xxxxxxx kamínků, xxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx promíchá, xxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx (6.3). Xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx jednu xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx. Spotřeba xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxx X1.
7. Xxxxxxxxx výsledků
7.1 Vzorec x xxxxxx výpočtu
Obsah xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx cukr se xxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx:
xxx:
X = koncentrace xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx vzorku (g/100 xx),
X0 = spotřeba xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx (xx) xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx,
X1 = xxxxxxxx roztoku zkušebního xxxxxx (xx) xxx xxxxxx xxxxxxx (6.4.2),
f = korekční xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx sacharosy xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx; xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx v xxxx uvedené xxxxxxx:
|
Xxxxxxxxx (x xx xxxxx xxxxxxx xx varu) |
Korekční xxxxxx x |
|
0,0 |
1,000 |
|
0,5 |
0,982 |
|
1,0 |
0,971 |
|
1,5 |
0,962 |
|
2,0 |
0,954 |
|
2,5 |
0,946 |
|
3,0 |
0,939 |
|
3,5 |
0,932 |
|
4,0 |
0,926 |
|
4,5 |
0,920 |
|
5,0 |
0,915 |
|
5,5 |
0,910 |
|
6,0 |
0,904 |
|
6,5 |
0,898 |
|
7,0 |
0,893 |
|
7,5 |
0,888 |
|
8,0 |
0,883 |
|
8,5 |
0,878 |
|
9,0 |
0,874 |
|
9,5 |
0,869 |
|
10,0 |
0,864 |
Xxxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx sacharosy x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx mohou xxxxxxxxx x tabulkových xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx:
Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx může xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx koncentrace xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx látek x invertního xxxxx (xxx xxxxx výpočet xx použita xxxxxxx x xxxxx 1,0) xx koncentrace xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx látek xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx sacharosa a xxxxxxxxxxx na xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx podle xxxxxx 3 xxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
7.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx mezi xxxxxxxx dvou xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx za xxxxx x xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx nesmí xxx xxxxx než 1,0 % jejich xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
8. Xxxxxxxx
Xxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx °X xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx °S xxxx xxxxxxxx 2,889 (xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxx 200 mm; xxxxxxxx výbojka xxxx xxxxxxxx zdroj; xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx v xxxxxxxxx, xx které je xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx 20 °X).
XXXXXX 8
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX EKVIVALENTU
(Metoda xxxxx Xxxxx x Xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx)
1. Xxxxxxx x xxxxxx použití
Tato xxxxxx xxxxxx ke stanovení xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx
- ve xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx,
- x xxxxxxx škrobovém sirupu,
- x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx,
- x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
2. Xxxxxxxx
2.1 "Xxxxxxxx síla": xxxxx redukujících xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (X-xxxxxxx) x xxxxxxxxx x procentech xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
2.2 "Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx": redukční xxxx xxxxxxxxx x procentech xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx.
3. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx podmínek xxxxxxx xx xxxx xxxx určitý objem xxxxxxxx Fehlingova xxxxxxx x použitím xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxxx.
4. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
4.1 Fehlingův xxxxxx:
4.1.1 Xxxxxx X:
Xx xxxx xx rozpustí 69,3 x síranu xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx (XxXX4·5X2X) x v xxxxxxx xxxxx o xxxxxx 1000 xx se xxxxxx xx xxxxx.
4.1.2 Xxxxxx B:
Ve vodě xx xxxxxxxx 346,0 x xxxxxx xxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx (KNaC4H4O6·4H2O) a 100 g xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx a x xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx 1000 xx xxxxxx xxxxx po xxxxx. Xxxx xxxxxx xx dekantací oddělí xx xxxxxxxxx, xxxxx xx může xxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx:
Xxxx xxx xxxxxxx (4.1.1 a 4.1.2) xx třeba skladovat x xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx zbarvených xxxxxxx.
4.1.3 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xx xxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx 50 xx roztoku X (4.1.2) x xxxx 50 ml xxxxxxx X (4.1.1) x xxxxx xx promíchají.
Poznámka:
Směsný Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx uchovávat, xxxxx xx musí xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (6.1).
4.2 Xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (X-xxxxxxx) (X6X12X6)
Xxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx 4 xxxxxx xxxxx xx vakuové xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx 100 ± 1 °C xxxx xxxxx x xxx tlaku asi 10 xXx (103 xxxx).
4.3 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx, 0,600 x/100 xx
X xxxxxxxxx na 0,1 xx xx xxxxxx 0,6 x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (4.2), xxxxxxxx xx xx xxxx, xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx odměrné xxxxx x xxxxxx 100 xx (5.4), xxxxxx xxxxx po xxxxx x xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx roztok xx xxxxx připravit xxxxxxx xx každý xxx, xxx xxxx xxxxxxxx.
4.4 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx, 0,1 x/100 xx xxxx
Xxxxxxxx xx 0,1 x methylenové xxxxx xx 100 xx vody.
5. Přístroje x pomůcky
5.1 Xxxxx xxxxx s xxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxx 250 xx.
5.2 Xxxxxx x xxxxxx 50 xx, s xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx x dělená xx 0,05 ml.
5.3 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx 25 xx x 50 xx.
5.4 Xxxxxxx xxxxx o xxxxxx 100 x 500 xx.
5.5 Xxxxxxxx x xxxxxx, xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx varu x xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx popsanými v xxxx 6.1 x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx barevnou xxxxx x xxxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx varnou xxxxx (5.1) xx xxxxxx xxxxx (xxx xxx 6.1 poznámka 3).
5.6 Xxxxxx ukazující x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx 1 sekundu.
6. Xxxxxx
6.1 Xxxxxxxxxxxxx Fehlingova roztoku
6.1.1 Xx čisté suché xxxxx baňky (5.1) xx odpipetuje 25 xx Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx (4.1.3).
6.1.2 Byreta (5.2) xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (4.3) x meniskus se xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxx.
6.1.3 Xx xxxxx xxxxx (5.1) se x xxxxxx napustí 18 xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (4.3) x xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx promíchá.
6.1.4 Xxxxx xxxxx se xxxxxx xx zařízení x xxxxxx (5.5), xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx tak, xxx xxx xxxxxx xx 120 ± 15 xxxxxx.
X xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxx x xxxxxx nastavováno xxxxx (xxx xxxxxxxx 1).
6.1.5 Xxxxxxx se xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx, spustí xx stopky xx xxxx.
6.1.6 Xxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxx 120 xxxxxx (podle xxxxxx).
Xx xxxxx xx přidá 1 xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx (4.4).
6.1.7 Xx 120 sekundách (xxxxx xxxxxx) od xxxxxxx xxxx se xxxxx z byrety (6.1.2) xx varné xxxxx (5.1) přidávat xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx dextrosy xx 0,5ml xxxxxxx, xxxxx se xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx neodbarví (xxx xxxxxxxx 2 x 3).
Xxxxxxxxx xx celkový xxxxx xxxxxxxxx standardního xxxxxxx dextrosy (X xx) xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx 0,5xx dávky.
6.1.8 Xxxxx x bodech 6.1.1 x 6.1.2 xx xxxxxxxx.
6.1.9 X xxxxxx xx xx xxxxx xxxxx (5.1) napustí (X 0,3) xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
6.1.10 Xxxxx v bodech 6.1.4, 6.1.5 x 6.1.6 xx xxxxxxxx.
6.1.11 Xx 120 xxxxxxxxx (xxxxx stopek) xx xxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxx x xxxxxx xx xxxxx baňky (5.1) přidávat xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx dextrosy, xxxxxxxx xx 0,2ml xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx, xxxxx se xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx právě xxxxxxxxx.
Xx xxxxx tohoto xxxxxxx xxxx být xxxx xxxx xxxxx xx xxxx následujícími xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxxxx 10 až 15 sekund.
Toto xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxx provedeno xxxxx 60 xxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxx xxxx tedy nesmí xxxxxxxxx 180 xxxxxx.
X xxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx provést xxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxx, xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx počáteční xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (6.1.9).
6.1.12 Zaznamená se xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (X0 xx) standardního xxxxxxx xxx závěrečné xxxxxxx (xxx xxxxxxxx 4).
6.1.13 Xxxxxxx V0 xxxx xxx v xxxxxxx 19,0 až 21,0 xx xxxxxxxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxxxx (4.3).
Pokud se xxxxxxx X0 xxxxxxx xxxx toto xxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx xx upraví xxxxxxxxxxx Fehlingova xxxxxxx X (4.1.1) x xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx se xxxxxxxx.
6.1.14 Xxxxxxxx k xxxx, xx hodnota X0 je xxxxxx xxxxx, je xxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx jednu xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx X0 – 0,5.
Poznámka 1:
Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx, xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxx, vyvíjení xxxx xx xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx a x xx největší xxxx se xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx baňky x xxxxxxxx opětovné xxxxxxx xxxxxx obsahu.
Poznámka 2:
Odbarvení xxxxxxx methylenové modři xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx x x xxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xx. x xxxxxxx, které x xxxxxxxx neobsahují sražený xxxxxxx oxid měďnatý. Xxxxxxxxx xx snadněji xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx. Xx výhodné xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx baňkou.
Poznámka 3:
Byreta xx xxxx být xxxxx stanovení xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx před xxxxxxx xxxxx.
Xxxxxxxx 4:
Vzhledem x xxxx, že xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx faktor, musí xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx X0 (7.1).
6.2 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx
6.2.1 Xxxxx xxxx známa xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx (2.1) připraveného xxxxxx, xx xxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxx xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, x xxxxx xxx xxx vypočtena xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (6.3).
Xxxx xxxxxxx se provádí xxxxx:
6.2.2 Xxxxxxxx xx X % (x/X) xxxxxx xxxxxx, "X" xx xxxxxxxxxx hodnotu.
6.2.3 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx x xxxx 6.1.2 x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx (6.2.2) xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxxxx.
6.2.4 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx x bodě 6.1.1.
6.2.5 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx x bodě 6.1.3 x xxxxxxxx 10 xx xxxxxxx vzorku xxxxxxx 18,0 xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
6.2.6 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx x xxxx 6.1.4.
6.2.7 Xxxxx xxxxx xx xxxxxxx x xxxx. Xxxxx xx 1 xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx (4.4).
6.2.8 Jakmile xxxxxxx xxx, xxxxxx xx xxxxxx (5.6) xx xxxx a xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxx xx xxxxx po 1,0 ml dávkách x odstupem asi 10 sekund, x xx xx do xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx.
Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx dextrosy (X xx) včetně xxxxxxxxxxxx 0,5 xx xxxxx.
6.2.9 Xxxxxxx "X" xxxxx přesáhnout 50 xx. Xxxxx k xxxx dojde, xx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx vzorku x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx.
6.2.10 Přibližná xxxxxxx redukční síly xxxxxxxxxxxx vzorku xx xxxxxxxxx dána xxxxxxx (x %):
6.3 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
X xxxxxxxxx na 0,1 mg xx xxxxxx takové xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (xx), xxxxx xxxxxxxx 2,85 xx 3,15 g xxxxxxxxxxxx cukrů vyjádřených xxxx bezvodá xxxxxxxx (Xxxxxxxx). Při xxxxxxx xx použije xxx xxxxx přibližná xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx (2.1), xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx v bodě 6.2.10.
6.4 Zkušební xxxxxx
Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx v xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx 500 xx xxxxxxxx xx xxxx x vodou doplní xx xxxxx.
6.5 Stanovení
6.5.1 Xxxxxxxxx se jako x xxxx 6.1.1.
6.5.2 Xxxxxx (5.2) xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx roztokem (6.4) x xxxxxxxx xx nastaví xx xxxx.
6.5.3 X byrety xx xx xxxxx xxxxx napustí 18,5 xx xxxxxxx zkušebního xxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx xx xxxxx baňky xxxxxxx.
6.5.4 Xxxxxxxxx se jako x bodě 6.1.4.
6.5.5 Xxxxxxxxx xx jako x xxxx 6.1.5.
6.5.6 Xxxxxxxxx xx jako x xxxx 6.1.6.
6.5.7 Xxxxxxxxx xx jako x xxxx 6.1.7, x použitím xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
6.5.8 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx x xxxx 6.1.8.
6.5.9 Postupuje xx jako x xxxx 6.1.9, s xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
6.5.10 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxx x xxxx 6.1.10.
6.5.11 Xxxxxxxxx se xxxx v bodě 6.1.11, s xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx roztoku xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx roztoku dextrosy.
6.5.12 Xxxxxxxxx xx objem (X1) xxxxxxxxxxxxxx zkušebního xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
6.5.13 Xxxxxxx X1 xxxx xxx x xxxxxxx 19,0 až 21,0 xx zkušebního xxxxxxx.
Xxxxx xx xxxxxxx X1 nachází xxxx xxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxx xx koncentrace zkušebního xxxxxxx x kroky 6.5.1 až 6.5.12 xx zopakují.
6.5.14 Xxxxxxxx xx xxx stanovení x použitím xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
6.6 Obsah xxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxx 2 xx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
7. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
7.1 Xxxxxx x postup xxxxxxx
7.1.1 Xxxxxxxx xxxx
Xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx x procentech xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx dána xxxxxxx:
xxx
X0 = xxxxx (xx) xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx (4.3) spotřebovaný xxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx titraci (6.1),
X1 = objem (ml) xxxxxxxxxx roztoku (6.4) xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx x postupu xxxxxxxxx (6.5),
X = xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx (g) (6.3) použitého x xxxxxxxx 500 xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
7.1.2 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx vypočtený x xxxxxxxxxx hmotnosti xxxxxx připraveného xxxxxx xx dán xxxxxxx:
xxx
XX = redukční síla xxxxxxxxx x procentech xxxxxxxxxxxx připraveného xxxxxx (7.1.1),
X = xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx vzorku x procentech xxxxxxxxxxxx.
7.1.3 Xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx dvou xxxxxxxxx xx předpokladu, xx xx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx (7.2).
7.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx provedených xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxx x xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx pracovníkem xx xxxxxxxxx podmínek xxxxx být xxxxx xxx 1,0 % xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx průměru.
METODA 9
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX
1. Xxxxxxx x xxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx
- xx škrobovém xxxxxx,
- v sušeném xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx,
- x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx,
- x xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
2. Xxxxxxxx
"Xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx": obsah xxxxxxxxxx popela xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
3. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx x xxxxxxxx atmosféře xxx 525 °X xx xxxxxxxxxxx kyseliny sírové xx stanovena xxxx xxxxxxxx hmotnost a xx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx hmotnostních vzorku.
4. Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx
4.1 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxxxxx roztok: xxxxxx x xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx 100 xx koncentrované kyseliny xxxxxx (xxxxxxx xxx 20 °X = 1,84 g/ml; 96 % m/m) xx 300 ml xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx míchání x chlazení.
5. Xxxxxxxxx x pomůcky
5.1 Elektrická xxxxxxx xxx, vybavená xxxxxxxxxx a xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx 525 ± 25 °X.
5.2 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxx, xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 mg.
5.3 Xxxxxxx xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
5.4 Xxxxxxxxx obsahující xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx silikagel xxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx vysoušedlo x xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
6. Xxxxxx
Xxxxxxx (5.3) xx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxxx se x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxx xx. Xx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx (xx 0,1 xx) xxxxxx 5 x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx, případně 10 x dextrosy xxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx bezvodé.
Přidá xx 5 xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx (4.1) (xxx xxxxxxxx 8.1) a xxxxxx xx v xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx nad xxxxxxxx xxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxx tak xxxxxx, dokud xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx. Zuhelnatění, xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx vzorku (viz xxxxxxxx 8.2), xx xxxx provádět x xxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxx (5.3) xx xxxxxx xx muflové xxxx (5.1), předehřáté xx 525 ± 25 °X, x xxxxxxx xx v xx, xxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxx. Xx xxxxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxx (viz xxxxxxxx 8.3).
Xxxxxx xx xxxxx xxx 30 xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx (5.4) x xxxx xx xxxxx.
7. Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
7.1 Xxxxxx x xxxxxx výpočtu
Obsah xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx vzorku xxxxxxxx k xxxxxxx xx dán xxxxxxx:
xxx
x1 = xxxxxxxx popela (x),
x0 = xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx zkušebního xxxxxx (x).
7.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx mezi xxxxxxxx dvou stanovení xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx nebo xxxxxx xx xxxxx x xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx nesmí xxx xxxxx xxx 2,0 % xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx průměru.
8. Xxxxxxxx
8.1 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xx malých xxxxxxx, xxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
8.2 Xxx prvním zuhelňování xx třeba xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx, xxx xxxxxxx xx ztrátám xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxx přílišnému xxxxxxxx xxxxxx.
8.3 Xxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx (xx. xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxx), xxxxxxx xx třeba z xxxxxxx xxxx vyjmout, xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx několika kapkami xxxx a xxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx.
XXXXXX 10
XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX
1. Předmět x xxxxxx použití
Metoda xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
- x cukru xxxxxxxxx,
- x xxxxx xxxx x cukru xxxxx,
- x xxxxx xxxxx bílém.
2. Definice
Polarizací xx rozumí schopnost xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx 26 x xxxxx xx 100 xx, xxxxx xx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx x xxxxx 200 xx, xxxxxx xxxxxx polarizovaného xxxxxx.
3. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxx
Xxxxxxxxxx xx stanoví pomocí xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx polarimetru xx podmínek xxxxxxxxx x níže xxxxxxx xxxxxx.
4. Reakční činidla
4.1 Xxxxxx xxxxxxx: xxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx olovnatého.
Do xxx 1000 xx xxxxxxx převařené vody xx xxxxx 560 x xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx. Xxxx xx 30 xxxxx xxxx a xxxx xx xxxxx stát xxxx xxx.
Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xx dekantuje x xxxxx xxxxxxx převařenou xxxxx xxx, aby xxxxxx roztok x xxxxxxx 1,25 x/xx (xxx 20 °X).
Xxxxx xxxxxx xx třeba xxxxxxx před xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
4.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxx
5. Xxxxxxxxx x pomůcky
5.1 Sacharimetr xxxxxxxxxxxx na xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 26 g xxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx být xxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx, xx xxxxx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxx teplotu xxxxx 20 °C. Xxxxxxxx se xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx.
5.2 Xxxxxxxx zdroj xxxxxxxxxxx ze xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx.
5.3 Xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x délce 200 xx s xxxxxxxxx ± 0,02 xx.
5.4 Analytické xxxx, xxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1 xx.
5.5 Xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxx 100 ml xx xxxxxxx. Xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxxxx 100,00 ± 0,01 ml xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx bez xxxxxxx. Xxxxx x xxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx 100 xx.
5.6 Vodní xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx, xxxxxxxxx na 20 ± 0,1 °X.
6. Xxxxxx
6.1 Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx
Xx xxxxxxxxxxx se naváží 26 ± 0,002 x vzorku x xxxxxxxxxxxxx xx převede xx odměrné baňky x objemu 100 xx (5.5) xxxxxxxxxx xxx 60 xx xxxx.
Xxxxxx se xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx, xxxxxx však xxxxxxxxxx.
Xxxxx je xxxxx xxxxxx vyčiřit, přidá xx 0,5 xx xxxxxxx xxxxxx olovnatého (4.1).
Xxxxxx se xxxxx xxxxxxxxx pohybem xxxxx x stěny baňky xx xxxxxxxxx tak xxxxxx, xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxx 10 xx pod xxxxxxxxxx xxxxx.
Xxxxx xx umístí xx xxxxx lázeň (5.6) udržovanou při 20 ± 0,1 °X x xxxxxxx xx xxx xxx xxxxxx, xxxxx se xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx.
Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xx povrchu xxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx kapkou xxxxxxxxxxxxx (4.2).
Xxxxxx xx xxxxxx xxxxx po xxxxx.
Xxxxx xx zazátkuje x xxxxx xx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxx vzhůru.
Baňka xx nechá pět xxxxx xxxx.
6.2 Xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx
Xx xxxx všech xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx xx udržuje xxxxxxx 20 ± 0,1 °X.
6.2.1 Polarimetr xx xxxxxxx na nulu.
6.2.2 Xxxxxx xx přefiltruje xxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxx. Xxxxxxx 10 xx xxxxxxxx se nepoužije. Xxxx xx xx xxxxxxx 50 xx xxxxxxxx.
6.2.3 Polarimetrická xxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx vzorku xxxxxxxx x analýze (6.2.2).
6.2.4 Xxxxxxx xx xxx teplotě 20 ± 0,1 °X xxxxxxx naplní xxxxxxxx xxxxxx určeného x xxxxxxx.
Xxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx se xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx. Xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx xx kolébky xxxxxxxxx.
6.2.5 Xxxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xx 0,05°X xxxx 0,02 xxxxxxxx stupňů. Xxxxx se zopakuje xxxxx xxxxxxxxx. Xxxxxxx xx xxxxxx z xxxxxx pěti xxxxxx.
7. Xxxxxxxxx výsledků
7.1 Xxxxxx x postup xxxxxxx
Xxxxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxxx X s xxxxxxxxx xx 0,1°X. Xxx převod úhlových xxxxxx xx xxxxxx X se xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx:
X = xxxxxx stupeň × 2,889
7.2 Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxx stanovení xxxxxxxxxxx zároveň xxxx xxxxxx za xxxxx x xxxxx vzorku xxxxxx pracovníkem xx xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx nesmí xxx větší než 0,1°X, xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx je xxxxxxxx x xxxx xxxxxx.